PMID- 16870374
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20061113
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0379-0738 (Print)
IS  - 0379-0738 (Linking)
VI  - 161
IP  - 2-3
DP  - 2006 Sep 12
TI  - The study of metabolite-to-parent drug ratios of methamphetamine and 
      methylenedioxymethamphetamine in hair.
PG  - 124-9
AB  - The metabolite-to-parent drug ratios were determined in the hair of 2444 
      methamphetamine (MA) abusers who had produced MA-positive hair results from 2001 
      to May 2005 and in the hair of 53 ecstasy abusers who had produced positive 
      methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) hair results from 2002 to May 2005. For the 
      hair analyses, hair strands were washed, cut into small pieces and extracted for 
      20 h in 1 mL methanol containing 1% HCl. Drugs in the extract were determined by 
      gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using selective ion monitoring after 
      derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. The six range groups were divided 
      as follows on the basis of MA concentrations in hair (n = 2389): 0.5-5 ng/mg (n = 
      950), 5-10 ng/mg (n = 582), 10-20 ng/mg (n = 503), 20-30 ng/mg (n = 160), 30-40 
      ng/mg (n = 80), more than 40 ng/mg (n = 114) to assess the correlations between 
      MA concentrations and metabolite-to-parent drug ratios. In groups of higher MA 
      concentrations, lower ratios of AP/MA were found, and there was a statistically 
      significant difference among six range groups. Comparisons of age groups (tens, 
      twenties, thirties, forties, fifties, and sixties) and male and female subjects 
      for the ratios of AP/MA showed a statistically significant difference. The 
      detection of metabolites and the parent drug with reasonable ratios was found to 
      be a useful indicator for distinguishing internal drug incorporation from 
      external contamination. In our study, MA users can produce 0.4-116% (mean = 9%) 
      of amphetamine (AP) concentrations in hair, and ecstasy users 1-110% (mean = 12%) 
      of methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) in appropriately washed hair samples.
FAU - Han, Eunyoung
AU  - Han E
AD  - Department of Narcotics Analysis, National Institute of Scientific Investigation, 
      Yang-Cheon Gu, Seoul, South Korea. hago@nisi.go.kr
FAU - Park, Yonghoon
AU  - Park Y
FAU - Yang, Wonkyung
AU  - Yang W
FAU - Lee, Jaesin
AU  - Lee J
FAU - Lee, Sooyeun
AU  - Lee S
FAU - Kim, Eunmi
AU  - Kim E
FAU - Lim, Miae
AU  - Lim M
FAU - Chung, Heesun
AU  - Chung H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20060725
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Forensic Sci Int
JT  - Forensic science international
JID - 7902034
RN  - 0 (Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors/*analysis/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Biotransformation
MH  - Female
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Hair/*chemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Methamphetamine/*analysis/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*analysis/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection/methods
EDAT- 2006/07/28 09:00
MHDA- 2006/11/14 09:00
CRDT- 2006/07/28 09:00
PHST- 2005/11/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2006/03/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2006/03/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/07/28 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/11/14 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/07/28 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0379-0738(06)00349-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.03.031 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Forensic Sci Int. 2006 Sep 12;161(2-3):124-9. doi: 
      10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.03.031. Epub 2006 Jul 25.