PMID- 16875751
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20061205
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 0168-1605 (Print)
IS  - 0168-1605 (Linking)
VI  - 112
IP  - 1
DP  - 2006 Oct 15
TI  - Evaluation of immunomodulation by Lactobacillus casei Shirota: immune function, 
      autoimmunity and gene expression.
PG  - 8-18
AB  - Lactic acid bacteria are claimed to have immunomodulating effects. Stimulation as 
      well as suppression of T helper (Th)1 mediated immune responses, have been 
      described for various strains. Experiments involving Lactobacillus casei Shirota 
      (LcS) detected mainly enhancement of innate immune responses and promotion of Th1 
      mediated immune reactivity. To confirm and further investigate modulation of Th1 
      responses and development of autoimmune disease by LcS, the consequences of oral 
      administration of LcS were assessed in several experiments. The effect of LcS 
      varied between the different models. No modulation was found in the 
      mitogen-induced cell proliferation and cytokine release assays in mesenteric 
      lymph nodes of Wistar rats. LcS inhibited the Th1 mediated immune response in an 
      adapted murine Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) in BALB/c mice, whereas experimental 
      autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats was aggravated. These varying 
      effects on Th1 responses indicate that beneficial as well as harmful effects on 
      immune related disorders could occur after LcS consumption. Since microarray 
      analysis is suggested to be more sensitive and predictive than functional tests, 
      gene expression profiling was included as an alternative endpoint in the testing 
      of immunomodulation. The detected gene expression profiles did not reflect the 
      effects of LcS on the immune system. Microarray analysis may therefore have no 
      more predictive value than immune function assays when investigating 
      immunomodulation by probiotics. To gain further insight into effects of 
      probiotics on immune function, experiments including cytokine assays and gene 
      expression analysis combined with disease models could be useful.
FAU - Baken, Kirsten A
AU  - Baken KA
AD  - Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Department of 
      Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology (GRAT), Maastricht University, Maastricht, 
      The Netherlands.
FAU - Ezendam, Janine
AU  - Ezendam J
FAU - Gremmer, Eric R
AU  - Gremmer ER
FAU - de Klerk, Arja
AU  - de Klerk A
FAU - Pennings, Jeroen L A
AU  - Pennings JL
FAU - Matthee, Bianca
AU  - Matthee B
FAU - Peijnenburg, Ad A C M
AU  - Peijnenburg AA
FAU - van Loveren, Henk
AU  - van Loveren H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20060726
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Int J Food Microbiol
JT  - International journal of food microbiology
JID - 8412849
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytokines/*immunology
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Encephalomyelitis/*immunology
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Immunity, Cellular
MH  - Lacticaseibacillus casei/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Lymphocyte Activation
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Probiotics
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Inbred Lew
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
EDAT- 2006/08/01 09:00
MHDA- 2006/12/09 09:00
CRDT- 2006/08/01 09:00
PHST- 2005/10/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2006/05/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2006/06/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/08/01 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/12/09 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/08/01 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0168-1605(06)00314-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.06.009 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Food Microbiol. 2006 Oct 15;112(1):8-18. doi: 
      10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.06.009. Epub 2006 Jul 26.