PMID- 16898568
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060825
LR  - 20191110
IS  - 1534-4827 (Print)
IS  - 1534-4827 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 3
DP  - 2006 Jun
TI  - Fatty acid-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and 
      liver.
PG  - 177-81
AB  - Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels are elevated in obesity. FFA, by causing 
      insulin resistance in muscle, liver, and endothelial cells, contributes to the 
      development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and 
      nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanism through which FFA induces 
      insulin resistance involves intramyocellular and intrahepatocellular accumulation 
      of triglycerides and diacylglycerol, activation of several serine/threonine 
      kinases, reduction in tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate 
      (IRS)-1/2, and impairment of the IRS/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway of 
      insulin signaling. FFA also produces low-grade inflammation in skeletal muscle 
      and liver through activation of nuclear factor-kappaB, resulting in release of 
      several proinflammatory and proatherogenic cytokines. Thus, elevated FFA levels 
      (due to obesity or to high-fat feeding) cause insulin resistance in skeletal 
      muscle and liver, which contributes to the development of T2DM, and produce 
      low-grade inflammation, which contributes to the development of atherosclerotic 
      vascular diseases and NAFLD.
FAU - Boden, Guenther
AU  - Boden G
AD  - Division of Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism, Temple University School of 
      Medicine, Temple University Hospital, 3401 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 
      19140, USA. bodengh@tuhs.temple.edu
LA  - eng
GR  - R01-DK58895/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01-HL-733267/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Curr Diab Rep
JT  - Current diabetes reports
JID - 101093791
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids, Nonesterified)
SB  - IM
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
MH  - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/*etiology
MH  - Insulin Resistance/*physiology
MH  - Liver/*physiology
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/*physiology
MH  - Obesity/complications
RF  - 40
EDAT- 2006/08/11 09:00
MHDA- 2006/08/26 09:00
CRDT- 2006/08/11 09:00
PHST- 2006/08/11 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/08/26 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/08/11 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11892-006-0031-x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Diab Rep. 2006 Jun;6(3):177-81. doi: 10.1007/s11892-006-0031-x.