PMID- 16904690
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20061213
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 0022-4804 (Print)
IS  - 0022-4804 (Linking)
VI  - 135
IP  - 2
DP  - 2006 Oct
TI  - Effects of moving training on histology and biomarkers levels of articular 
      cartilage.
PG  - 352-63
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study the adaptation process and extent of articular cartilage in 
      the canine knee joint to different modes of movements and to investigate if 
      levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), matrix metalloproteinases-1 
      (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), and tissue inhibitor of matrix 
      metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in serum and synovial fluid can be used to predict 
      effectively early sports injury and remolding degree of articular cartilage in 
      the canine knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty adult dogs divided randomly into 
      three groups (eight in the common training group, Training Group; eight in the 
      intensified training group, Intensified Group; and four in the Control Group) 
      were trained daily at different intensities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 
      examinations were performed regularly (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 weeks) to investigate 
      changes of articular cartilage in the canine knee, while concentrations of COMP, 
      MMP-1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 in serum and synovial fluid were measured by ELISA 
      assays. All of the dogs were euthanized after training for 10 weeks, and all of 
      the knee joints were taken out to be examined histologically. RESULTS: We could 
      find imaging changes of early sport injury of articular cartilage in the Training 
      Group and Intensified Group by MRI examination after 2 weeks of training; the 
      damage images were most severe in 4-6 weeks, and then lightened gradually. We 
      could not find the difference of cartilage injury and repair degree in MRI images 
      between these two groups at different time points. Elevations of levels of COMP, 
      MMP-1, MMP-3, TIMP-1, and MMP-3/TIMP-1 in serum and synovial fluid were seen 
      during the training period, and their levels changed remarkably at different 
      times. Levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-3/TIMP-1 in the Intensified Group were 
      lower than that in the Training Group in general, and levels of COMP were higher, 
      which hinted that the injury trend of articular cartilage in the Intensified 
      Group was lower than that in the Training group, and the repair trend was higher. 
      Furthermore, there were statistically significant associations between biomarker 
      levels in serum and in synovial fluid. Histological examinations in 10 weeks 
      demonstrated that the signs of cartilage damage and repair in canine knee joint 
      in the Training Group and the Intensified Group were obvious, and the Intensified 
      Group could do better than the Training Group in promoting remodeling 
      reconstruction of articular cartilage. CONCLUSIONS: High-intensity and repetitive 
      movement may easily induce sports injury, and it is followed with a repair 
      process; intensified training can do better than common training in promoting 
      remodeling reconstruction of articular cartilage. The sensitivity of these 
      biomarkers reflecting articular cartilage pathological changes is better than 
      MRI, and the associated application of several biomarkers to predict the extent 
      of damage and repair, as well as changes of metabolism in articular cartilage, 
      and to monitor change of disease course has very good value for clinical 
      application.
FAU - Qi, Chang
AU  - Qi C
AD  - Orthopedics Institute, Xijing Hospital of PLA, Fourth Military Medical 
      University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
FAU - Changlin, Huang
AU  - Changlin H
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20060814
PL  - United States
TA  - J Surg Res
JT  - The Journal of surgical research
JID - 0376340
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Extracellular Matrix Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Glycoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Matrilin Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1)
RN  - EC 3.4.24.17 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 3)
RN  - EC 3.4.24.7 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 1)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers/*analysis/blood
MH  - Cartilage, Articular/*anatomy & histology/*metabolism
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Extracellular Matrix Proteins/blood/metabolism
MH  - Glycoproteins/blood/metabolism
MH  - Hindlimb/*anatomy & histology
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Male
MH  - Matrilin Proteins
MH  - Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/blood/metabolism
MH  - Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/blood/metabolism
MH  - Movement/*physiology
MH  - *Physical Conditioning, Animal
MH  - Synovial Fluid/*chemistry
MH  - Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/blood/metabolism
EDAT- 2006/08/15 09:00
MHDA- 2006/12/14 09:00
CRDT- 2006/08/15 09:00
PHST- 2006/01/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2006/02/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2006/03/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/08/15 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/12/14 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/08/15 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0022-4804(06)00122-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jss.2006.03.011 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Surg Res. 2006 Oct;135(2):352-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.03.011. Epub 2006 Aug 
      14.