PMID- 16919864
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070206
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 0300-9084 (Print)
IS  - 0300-9084 (Linking)
VI  - 88
IP  - 11
DP  - 2006 Nov
TI  - Chromosomal changes: induction, detection methods and applicability in human 
      biomonitoring.
PG  - 1515-31
AB  - The objective of this state of the art paper is to review the mechanisms of 
      induction, the fate, the methodology, the sensitivity/specificity and 
      predictivity of two major cytogenetic endpoints applied for genotoxicity studies 
      and biomonitoring purposes: chromosome aberrations and micronuclei. Chromosomal 
      aberrations (CAs) are changes in normal chromosome structure or number that can 
      occur spontaneously or as a result of chemical/radiation treatment. Structural 
      CAs in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), as assessed by the chromosome 
      aberration (CA) assay, have been used for over 30 years in occupational and 
      environmental settings as a biomarker of early effects of genotoxic carcinogens. 
      A high frequency of structural CAs in lymphocytes (reporter tissue) is predictive 
      of increased cancer risk, irrespective of the cause of the initial CA increase. 
      Micronuclei (MN) are small, extranuclear bodies that arise in dividing cells from 
      acentric chromosome/chromatid fragments or whole chromosomes/chromatids that lag 
      behind in anaphase and are not included in the daughter nuclei in telophase. The 
      cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is the most extensively used method 
      for measuring MN in human lymphocytes, and can be considered as a "cytome" assay 
      covering cell proliferation, cell death and chromosomal changes. The key 
      advantages of the CBMN assay lie in its ability to detect both clastogenic and 
      aneugenic events and to identify cells which divided once in culture. Evaluation 
      of the mechanistic origin of individual MN by centromere and kinetochore 
      identification contributes to the high sensitivity of the method. A number of 
      findings support the hypothesis of a predictive association between the frequency 
      of MN in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes and cancer development. Recent advances 
      in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and microarray technologies are 
      modifying the nature of cytogenetics, allowing chromosome and gene identification 
      on metaphase as well as in interphase. Automated scoring by flow cytometry and/or 
      image analysis will enhance their applicability.
FAU - Mateuca, R
AU  - Mateuca R
AD  - Laboratorium voor Cellulaire Genetica, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 
      Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. rmateuca@vub.ac.be
FAU - Lombaert, N
AU  - Lombaert N
FAU - Aka, P V
AU  - Aka PV
FAU - Decordier, I
AU  - Decordier I
FAU - Kirsch-Volders, M
AU  - Kirsch-Volders M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20060804
PL  - France
TA  - Biochimie
JT  - Biochimie
JID - 1264604
SB  - IM
MH  - Cell Division
MH  - Chromosome Aberrations/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*standards
MH  - Epidemiological Monitoring
MH  - Humans
MH  - Neoplasms/epidemiology/prevention & control
MH  - Smoking/adverse effects
RF  - 121
EDAT- 2006/08/22 09:00
MHDA- 2007/02/07 09:00
CRDT- 2006/08/22 09:00
PHST- 2006/03/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2006/07/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/08/22 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/02/07 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/08/22 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0300-9084(06)00143-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.07.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biochimie. 2006 Nov;88(11):1515-31. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.07.004. Epub 2006 
      Aug 4.