PMID- 16920771
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20061109
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1473-0480 (Electronic)
IS  - 0306-3674 (Print)
IS  - 0306-3674 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 10
DP  - 2006 Oct
TI  - Osteogenic index of step exercise depending on choreographic movements, session 
      duration, and stepping rate.
PG  - 860-6; discussion 866
AB  - BACKGROUND: Step exercise has been promoted as a low impact physical activity 
      recommended for the improvement of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness. This 
      recreational activity might also be recommended to improve bone health since 
      mechanical load plays an important role in the normal development of the 
      skeleton. METHODS: Our main purpose was to characterised 100 step sessions and to 
      calculated osteogenic index (OI) according to Turner and Robling: OI (one 
      session) = peak ground reaction force(BW)*ln(number of loading cycles+1). 
      RESULTS: Main results (mean+/-SD) were as follows: OI was 12.0+/-0.8; peak ground 
      reaction force (GRF) was 1.40+/-0.10 times body weight (BW); session duration was 
      38.6+/-8.3 min; stepping rate was 134.6+/-4.7 beats per minute (bpm); the 
      movements performed most often were marching, knee hop, side leg, L step, and 
      over the top; and the number of loading cycles was 4194.1+/-1055.2. OI and GRF 
      increased significantly when stepping rate was higher than 135 bpm. This stepping 
      rate might be used as a reference for higher intensity classes. A frequency of 
      two to three sessions per week of step exercise is recommended. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Despite the benefits that have been stated when step classes are structured 
      correctly and adapted to the participants, further research is needed concerning 
      biomechanical load, exercise prescription, and injury prevention.
FAU - Santos-Rocha, R A
AU  - Santos-Rocha RA
AD  - Sports Sciences School of Rio Maior, Portugal. rita.rocha@mail.telepac.pt
FAU - Oliveira, C S
AU  - Oliveira CS
FAU - Veloso, A P
AU  - Veloso AP
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20060818
PL  - England
TA  - Br J Sports Med
JT  - British journal of sports medicine
JID - 0432520
SB  - IM
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Biomechanical Phenomena
MH  - Body Weight
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Osteogenesis/*physiology
MH  - Physical Education and Training/*methods
MH  - Sports/*physiology
PMC - PMC2465063
COIS- There are no competing interests
EDAT- 2006/08/22 09:00
MHDA- 2006/11/11 09:00
PMCR- 2009/10/01
CRDT- 2006/08/22 09:00
PHST- 2006/08/22 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/11/11 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/08/22 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - bjsm.2006.029413 [pii]
AID - sm29413 [pii]
AID - 10.1136/bjsm.2006.029413 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Br J Sports Med. 2006 Oct;40(10):860-6; discussion 866. doi: 
      10.1136/bjsm.2006.029413. Epub 2006 Aug 18.