PMID- 16956984
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20071206
LR  - 20240316
IS  - 0586-7614 (Print)
IS  - 1745-1701 (Electronic)
IS  - 0586-7614 (Linking)
VI  - 33
IP  - 5
DP  - 2007 Sep
TI  - A virtual reality apartment as a measure of medication management skills in 
      patients with schizophrenia: a pilot study.
PG  - 1162-70
AB  - Performance on a novel, virtual reality (VR) assessment of medication management 
      skills, the Virtual Reality Apartment Medication Management Assessment (VRAMMA), 
      was investigated in 25 patients with schizophrenia and 18 matched healthy 
      controls. The VRAMMA is a virtual 4-room apartment consisting of a living room 
      with an interactive clock and TV, a bedroom, a kitchen, and a bathroom with an 
      interactive medicine cabinet. After an exploratory phase, participants were given 
      a mock prescription regimen to be taken 15 minutes later from pill bottles 
      located in the medicine cabinet in the bathroom of the virtual environment. The 
      VRAMMA was administered with a validated measure of medication management skills, 
      several neurocognitive tests, and a symptom scale. Results revealed that (1) 
      schizophrenic patients made significantly more quantitative errors in the number 
      of pills taken, were less accurate at taking the prescribed medications at the 
      designated time, and checked the interactive clock less frequently than healthy 
      controls; (2) in patients with schizophrenia, there was significant agreement in 
      classification of adherence vs nonadherence between a validated measure of 
      medication management skills and the VRAMMA; and (3) in patients with 
      schizophrenia, years of education and a measure of verbal learning and memory 
      were linked to quantitative errors on the VRAMMA, while positive symptoms, 
      specifically delusional symptoms, were inversely linked to distance traveled 
      within the VRAMMA. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to provide evidence 
      for the utility of VR technology in the assessment of instrumental role 
      functioning in patients with schizophrenia.
FAU - Kurtz, Matthew M
AU  - Kurtz MM
AD  - Schizophrenia Rehabilitation Program, Institute of Living, 200 Retreat Avenue, 
      Hartford, CT 06106, USA. mkurtz@harthosp.org
FAU - Baker, Elizabeth
AU  - Baker E
FAU - Pearlson, Godfrey D
AU  - Pearlson GD
FAU - Astur, Robert S
AU  - Astur RS
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 MH052886/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K08 MH069888/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K08 MH-69888/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH-43775/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MH-52886/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH043775/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20060906
PL  - United States
TA  - Schizophr Bull
JT  - Schizophrenia bulletin
JID - 0236760
RN  - 0 (Antipsychotic Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antipsychotic Agents/*administration & dosage
MH  - Cognition Disorders/*drug therapy/psychology
MH  - Drug Prescriptions
MH  - Female
MH  - *Housing
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Neuropsychological Tests
MH  - *Patient Compliance
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
MH  - Reminder Systems
MH  - Schizophrenia/diagnosis/*drug therapy
MH  - *Schizophrenic Psychology
MH  - Self Administration/instrumentation/psychology/*standards
MH  - Task Performance and Analysis
MH  - *User-Computer Interface
PMC - PMC2632360
EDAT- 2006/09/08 09:00
MHDA- 2007/12/07 09:00
PMCR- 2008/09/01
CRDT- 2006/09/08 09:00
PHST- 2006/09/08 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/12/07 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/09/08 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2008/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - sbl039 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/schbul/sbl039 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Schizophr Bull. 2007 Sep;33(5):1162-70. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbl039. Epub 2006 Sep 
      6.