PMID- 17031460
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070402
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 0022-2844 (Print)
IS  - 0022-2844 (Linking)
VI  - 63
IP  - 5
DP  - 2006 Nov
TI  - Domain-specific positive selection contributes to the evolution of Arabidopsis 
      leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR RLK) genes.
PG  - 612-21
AB  - Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR RLKs) comprise the largest group 
      within the plant receptor-like kinase (RLK) superfamily, and the Arabidopsis 
      genome alone contains over 200 LRR RLK genes. Although there is clear evidence 
      for diverse roles played by individual LRR RLK genes in Arabidopsis growth and 
      development, the evolutionary mechanism for this functional diversification is 
      currently unclear. In this study, we focused on the LRRII RLK subfamily to 
      investigate the molecular mechanisms that might have led to the functional 
      differentiation of Arabidopsis LRR RLK genes. Phylogenetic analysis of 14 genes 
      in this subfamily revealed three well-supported groups (I, II, and III). RT-PCR 
      analysis did not find many qualitative differences in expression among these 14 
      genes in various Arabidopsis tissues, suggesting that evolution of regulatory 
      sequences did not play a major role in their functional divergence. We analyzed 
      substitution patterns in the predicted ligand-binding regions of these genes to 
      examine if positive selection has acted to produce novel ligand-binding 
      specificities, using the nonsynonymous/synonymous rate ratio (d (N)/d (S)) as an 
      indicator of selective pressure. Estimates of d (N)/d (S) ratios from multiple 
      methods indicate that nonsynonymous substitutions accumulated during divergence 
      of the three lineages. Positive selection is likely to have occurred along the 
      lineages ancestral to groups II and III. We suggest that positive selection on 
      the ligand-binding sites of LRRII RLKs promoted diversification of ligand-binding 
      specificities and thus contributed to the functional differentiation of 
      Arabidopsis LRRII RLK genes during evolution.
FAU - Zhang, Xiaorong S
AU  - Zhang XS
AD  - Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Savannah State University, 
      Savannah, GA, 31404, USA. zhangx1217@yahoo.com
FAU - Choi, Jung H
AU  - Choi JH
FAU - Heinz, Josephine
AU  - Heinz J
FAU - Chetty, Chellu S
AU  - Chetty CS
LA  - eng
GR  - 1S06GM60314/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20061006
PL  - Germany
TA  - J Mol Evol
JT  - Journal of molecular evolution
JID - 0360051
RN  - 0 (Arabidopsis Proteins)
RN  - EC 2.7.- (Protein Kinases)
RN  - GMW67QNF9C (Leucine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Arabidopsis/*genetics
MH  - Arabidopsis Proteins/*genetics
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Leucine/genetics
MH  - Models, Genetic
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Protein Kinases/*genetics
MH  - *Selection, Genetic
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
EDAT- 2006/10/13 09:00
MHDA- 2007/04/03 09:00
CRDT- 2006/10/13 09:00
PHST- 2005/07/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2006/07/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/10/13 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/04/03 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/10/13 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00239-005-0187-z [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Mol Evol. 2006 Nov;63(5):612-21. doi: 10.1007/s00239-005-0187-z. Epub 2006 Oct 
      6.