PMID- 17035931
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070605
LR  - 20220129
IS  - 0893-133X (Print)
IS  - 0893-133X (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 5
DP  - 2007 May
TI  - Enduring deficits in sustained visual attention during withdrawal of intravenous 
      methylenedioxymethamphetamine self-administration in rats: results from a 
      comparative study with d-amphetamine and methamphetamine.
PG  - 1195-206
AB  - Although amphetamine-derived stimulants are widely associated with neurotoxicity, 
      it is poorly understood whether extended exposure to such drugs produces lasting 
      effects on neurocognitive function. This study investigates whether chronically 
      self-administered d-amphetamine, methamphetamine (MA), or 
      methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) leads to residual deficits in a rodent test 
      of sustained visual attention and impulsivity. Rats were trained on a five-choice 
      serial reaction time task and subsequently trained to self-administer 
      d-amphetamine, MA, or MDMA (all 50 microg/infusion), intravenously, for 3 weeks. 
      Effects on performance were evaluated 24 h after drug discontinuation and for 
      several weeks thereafter, including various challenge sessions to increase the 
      attentional demands of the task. The results indicate divergent patterns of 
      self-administration among the three drugs tested with increasing rates of intake 
      evident in rats self-administering amphetamine, but not MA, and widely 
      fluctuating rates in the MDMA group. Withdrawal of MA resulted in severe 
      behavioral disturbances, with significant effects on accuracy, omissions, 
      response latency, and impulsivity that lasted up to 2 weeks in some cases. 
      Amphetamine and MDMA withdrawal were associated with similar, but shorter-lasting 
      effects on performance. However, when challenged with a high event rate session 6 
      weeks after drug discontinuation, rats previously exposed to MDMA continued to 
      show deficits in the accuracy and speed of responding. These findings show that 
      amphetamine-derived stimulants have both short- and long-term consequences for 
      psychomotor functioning. The demonstration of residual deficits in rats 
      chronically exposed to MDMA raises some concern about the potential harm caused 
      by this drug in human ecstasy users.
FAU - Dalley, Jeffrey W
AU  - Dalley JW
AD  - Department of Experimental Psychology and Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience 
      Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. jwd20@cam.ac.uk
FAU - Laane, Kristjan
AU  - Laane K
FAU - Theobald, David E H
AU  - Theobald DE
FAU - Pena, Yolanda
AU  - Pena Y
FAU - Bruce, Charlotte C
AU  - Bruce CC
FAU - Huszar, Anthony C
AU  - Huszar AC
FAU - Wojcieszek, Michael
AU  - Wojcieszek M
FAU - Everitt, Barry J
AU  - Everitt BJ
FAU - Robbins, Trevor W
AU  - Robbins TW
LA  - eng
GR  - G0001354/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - G0401068/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - G0600196/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - G9537855/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20061011
PL  - England
TA  - Neuropsychopharmacology
JT  - Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of 
      Neuropsychopharmacology
JID - 8904907
RN  - 0 (Amphetamines)
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants)
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - TZ47U051FI (Dextroamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amphetamine-Related Disorders/*physiopathology
MH  - Amphetamines/*adverse effects
MH  - Animals
MH  - Attention/drug effects
MH  - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/chemically induced/physiopathology
MH  - Brain/*drug effects/physiopathology
MH  - Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects
MH  - Cognition Disorders/*chemically induced/physiopathology
MH  - Dextroamphetamine/adverse effects
MH  - Hallucinogens/adverse effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Methamphetamine/adverse effects
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*adverse effects
MH  - Perceptual Disorders/chemically induced/physiopathology
MH  - Psychomotor Performance/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Reaction Time/drug effects
MH  - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*physiopathology
MH  - Time
MH  - Visual Perception/drug effects
EDAT- 2006/10/13 09:00
MHDA- 2007/06/06 09:00
CRDT- 2006/10/13 09:00
PHST- 2006/10/13 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/06/06 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/10/13 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 1301220 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/sj.npp.1301220 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 May;32(5):1195-206. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301220. 
      Epub 2006 Oct 11.