PMID- 17056224
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070409
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 0887-2333 (Print)
IS  - 0887-2333 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 1
DP  - 2007 Feb
TI  - Oxidative stress status and development of late organogenesis stage rat whole 
      embryos cultured from gestational days 13.5 to 14.5.
PG  - 53-62
AB  - A new method for culturing rodent whole embryos at the late organogenesis stage 
      was developed using a roller-bottle system with intermittent gassing. Rat embryos 
      were cultured for 24 h from gestational day (GD) 13.5 to 14.5. Growth and 
      metabolic comparisons were made between in vivo embryos and embryos of the same 
      GD cultured under various media and conditions. Crown-rump length, head length 
      and protein content were used as growth indicators. Biologic markers such as 
      embryonic tissue concentration of glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG) 
      and lipid peroxidation were used as assessments of metabolic activity in terms of 
      oxidative stress. Embryos cultured with media consisting of either 15% or 20% 
      male rat serum and balanced with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) were 
      found to most closely match in vivo embryos. 6 h gassing intervals and 5 mL 
      medium volume/embryo provided optimal conditions for cultured embryos. By 
      shortening the 24 h embryo culture period to 12 h, embryonic haemorrhaging was 
      avoided. Moreover, the 12-h cultured embryos showed similar redox GSH/GSSG ratios 
      and similar GSH content to the in vivo embryos, which was not observed in the 
      embryos cultured under 24 h culture conditions. The present work demonstrates the 
      utility of late organogenesis stage embryo culture as a model for the assessment 
      of in vivo embryonic growth and oxidative stress indices.
FAU - Liu, Jiun-Ni
AU  - Liu JN
AD  - School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 
      Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9.
FAU - Chan, Hing Man
AU  - Chan HM
FAU - Kubow, Stan
AU  - Kubow S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20060914
PL  - England
TA  - Toxicol In Vitro
JT  - Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with 
      BIBRA
JID - 8712158
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances)
RN  - GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Embryo, Mammalian/*metabolism
MH  - Embryonic Development/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Gestational Age
MH  - Glutathione/metabolism
MH  - Head/growth & development
MH  - Hemorrhage/chemically induced/pathology
MH  - Lipid Peroxidation/physiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Organ Culture Techniques
MH  - Organogenesis/*physiology
MH  - Oxidative Stress/*physiology
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism
EDAT- 2006/10/24 09:00
MHDA- 2007/04/10 09:00
CRDT- 2006/10/24 09:00
PHST- 2006/06/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2006/08/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2006/08/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/10/24 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/04/10 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/10/24 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0887-2333(06)00171-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.08.012 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicol In Vitro. 2007 Feb;21(1):53-62. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.08.012. Epub 2006 
      Sep 14.