PMID- 17071524
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070627
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 0265-203X (Print)
IS  - 0265-203X (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 11
DP  - 2006 Nov
TI  - Development and application of analytical methods for the determination of 
      mycotoxins in organic and conventional wheat.
PG  - 1208-18
AB  - The aim of this study was to develop a multicomponent analytical method for the 
      determination of deoxynivalenol (DON), ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEN), 
      nivalenol (NIV), 3-acetyl-DON (3-acDON), 15-acetyl-DON (15-acDON), zearalenol 
      (ZOL) and citrinin (CIT) in wheat. It also aimed to survey the presence and 
      amounts of DON, OTA and ZEN in Belgian conventionally and organically produced 
      wheat grain and in wholemeal wheat flours. After solvent extraction, an 
      anion-exchange column (SAX) was used to fix the acidic mycotoxins (OTA, CIT), 
      whilst the neutral mycotoxins flowing through the SAX column were further 
      purified by filtration on a MycoSep cartridge. OTA and CIT were then analysed by 
      high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an isocratic flow and 
      fluorescence detection, while the neutral mycotoxins were separated by a linear 
      gradient and detected by double-mode (ultraviolet light fluorescence) detection. 
      The average DON, ZEN and OTA recovery rates from spiked blank wheat flour were 
      92, 83 and 73% (RSDR = 12, 10 and 9%), respectively. Moreover, this method 
      offered the respective detection limits of 50, 1.5 and 0.05 microg kg-1 and good 
      agreement with reference methods and inter-laboratory comparison exercises. 
      Organic and conventional wheat samples harvested in 2002 and 2003 in Belgium were 
      analysed for DON, OTA and ZEN, while wholemeal wheat flour samples were taken 
      from Belgian retail shops and analysed for OTA and DON. Conventional wheat tended 
      to be more frequently contaminated with DON and ZEN than organic samples, the 
      difference being more significant for ZEN in samples harvested in 2002. The mean 
      OTA, DON and ZEA concentrations were 0.067, 675 and 75 microg kg-1 in 
      conventional samples against 0.063, 285 and 19 microg kg-1 in organically 
      produced wheat in 2002, respectively. Wheat samples collected in 2003 were less 
      affected by DON and ZEN than the 2002 harvest. Organic wholemeal wheat flours 
      were more frequently contaminated by OTA than conventional samples (p < 0.10). 
      The opposite pattern was shown for DON, organic samples being more frequently 
      contaminated than conventional flours (p < 0.10).
FAU - Pussemier, L
AU  - Pussemier L
AD  - Department of Quality and Safety, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre 
      (CODA-CERVA), Leuvensesteenweg 17, B-3080, Tervuren, Belgium.
FAU - Pierard, J-Y
AU  - Pierard JY
FAU - Anselme, M
AU  - Anselme M
FAU - Tangni, E K
AU  - Tangni EK
FAU - Motte, J-C
AU  - Motte JC
FAU - Larondelle, Y
AU  - Larondelle Y
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Food Addit Contam
JT  - Food additives and contaminants
JID - 8500474
RN  - 0 (Mycotoxins)
RN  - 0 (Ochratoxins)
RN  - 0 (Trichothecenes)
RN  - 5W827M159J (Zearalenone)
RN  - JT37HYP23V (deoxynivalenol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Belgium
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
MH  - Fluoroscopy/methods
MH  - Food Analysis/methods
MH  - Food Contamination/*analysis
MH  - Mycotoxins/*analysis
MH  - Ochratoxins/analysis
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Trichothecenes/analysis
MH  - Triticum/*chemistry
MH  - Zearalenone/analysis
EDAT- 2006/10/31 09:00
MHDA- 2007/06/28 09:00
CRDT- 2006/10/31 09:00
PHST- 2006/10/31 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/06/28 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/10/31 09:00 [entrez]
AID - L8254W1K70671J70 [pii]
AID - 10.1080/02652030600699312 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Addit Contam. 2006 Nov;23(11):1208-18. doi: 10.1080/02652030600699312.