PMID- 17074598
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070130
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 0887-8994 (Print)
IS  - 0887-8994 (Linking)
VI  - 35
IP  - 5
DP  - 2006 Nov
TI  - HLA-DR4 in families with autism.
PG  - 303-7
AB  - Autoimmune disorders are observed with increased frequency among parents of 
      individuals with autism, particularly mothers. Because there is evidence 
      supporting an association between autoimmune disorders and specific alleles of 
      the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system, we examined HLA types and subtypes in 
      families with autism. Two groups were studied: 16 families selected from a 
      geographically defined area in eastern Tennessee have males with a diagnosis of 
      autism; and 33 families selected across all regions in the United States have 
      multiple males having autism diagnosis. The HLA-DR4 frequencies of mothers, 
      fathers, and children in these two groups were compared with a reference series 
      of 475 normal, unrelated Caucasians. Results of HLA typing indicated that mothers 
      and their sons in the geographically defined group had a significantly higher 
      frequency of DR4 than normal control subjects (odds ratio = 5.54, 95% confidence 
      interval = 1.74-18.67 and odds ratio = 4.20, 95% confidence interval = 
      1.37-13.27, respectively). No significant difference in the distribution of HLA 
      alleles was evident between the United States-all region group and control 
      subjects. Findings of this study are consistent with a hypothesis that prenatal 
      maternal-fetal immune interaction can affect fetal brain development in a 
      population residing in a geographically defined region. Such immune interactions 
      may involve HLA and related genes in both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms 
      during pregnancy.
FAU - Lee, Li-Ching
AU  - Lee LC
AD  - Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities Epidemiology, Department of 
      Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 
      Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. llee2@jhsph.edu
FAU - Zachary, Andrea A
AU  - Zachary AA
FAU - Leffell, Mary S
AU  - Leffell MS
FAU - Newschaffer, Craig J
AU  - Newschaffer CJ
FAU - Matteson, Karla J
AU  - Matteson KJ
FAU - Tyler, John D
AU  - Tyler JD
FAU - Zimmerman, Andrew W
AU  - Zimmerman AW
LA  - eng
GR  - U10/CCU320408-03/PHS HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Pediatr Neurol
JT  - Pediatric neurology
JID - 8508183
RN  - 0 (HLA-DR4 Antigen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Autistic Disorder/*genetics/immunology
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Catchment Area, Health
MH  - Child
MH  - Fathers
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Frequency
MH  - HLA-DR4 Antigen/*genetics
MH  - Histocompatibility Testing
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Mothers
MH  - United States
MH  - White People/genetics
EDAT- 2006/11/01 09:00
MHDA- 2007/01/31 09:00
CRDT- 2006/11/01 09:00
PHST- 2005/02/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2006/05/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2005/06/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/11/01 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/01/31 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/11/01 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0887-8994(06)00383-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2006.06.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pediatr Neurol. 2006 Nov;35(5):303-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2006.06.006.