PMID- 17090130
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070109
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 0021-8561 (Print)
IS  - 0021-8561 (Linking)
VI  - 54
IP  - 23
DP  - 2006 Nov 15
TI  - Tissue distribution, elimination, and metabolism of sodium [36Cl]perchlorate in 
      lactating goats.
PG  - 8829-35
AB  - Perchlorate has contaminated water sources throughout the United States but 
      particularly in the arid Southwest, an area containing large numbers of people 
      and few water sources. Recent studies have demonstrated that perchlorate is 
      present in alfalfa and that perchlorate is secreted into the milk of cows. 
      Studies in lactating cows have indicated that only a small portion of a 
      perchlorate dose could be accounted for by elimination in milk, feces, or urine. 
      It was hypothesized that the remainder of the perchlorate dose was excreted as 
      chloride ion. The purpose of this study was to determine the fate and disposition 
      of (36)Cl-perchlorate in lactating dairy goats. Two goats (60 kg) were each 
      orally administered 3.5 mg (16.5 muCi) of (36)Cl-perchlorate, a dose selected to 
      approximate environmental perchlorate exposure but that would allow for adequate 
      detection of radioactive residues after a 72 h withdrawal period. Blood, milk, 
      urine, and feces were collected incrementally until slaughter at 72 h. Total 
      radioactive residue (TRR) and perchlorate concentrations were measured using 
      radiochemical techniques and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). 
      Peak blood levels of TRR occurred at 12 h ( approximately 195 ppb) postdose; peak 
      levels of parent perchlorate, however, occurred after only 2 h, suggesting that 
      perchlorate metabolism occurred rapidly in the rumen. The serum half-life of 
      perchlorate was estimated to be 2.3 h. After 24 h, perchlorate was not detectable 
      in blood serum but TRR remained elevated (160 ppb) through 72 h. Milk perchlorate 
      levels peaked at 12 h (155 ppb) and were no longer detectable by 36 h, even 
      though TRRs were readily detected through 72 h. Perchlorate was not detectable in 
      skeletal muscle or liver at slaughter (72 h). Chlorite and chlorate were not 
      detected in any matrix. The only radioactive residues observed were perchlorate 
      and chloride ion. Bioavailability of perchlorate was poor in lactating goats, but 
      the perchlorate that was absorbed intact was rapidly eliminated in milk and 
      urine.
FAU - Smith, David J
AU  - Smith DJ
AD  - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) 
      Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd., University Station, Fargo, 
      North Dakota 58102-5674, USA.
FAU - Hakk, Heldur
AU  - Hakk H
FAU - Larsen, Gerald L
AU  - Larsen GL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Agric Food Chem
JT  - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
JID - 0374755
RN  - 0 (Perchlorates)
RN  - 0 (Radioisotopes)
RN  - 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine)
RN  - VLA4NZX2P4 (perchlorate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chlorine
MH  - Environmental Exposure
MH  - Feces/chemistry
MH  - Female
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Goats/blood/*metabolism/urine
MH  - Liver/metabolism
MH  - Milk/metabolism
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
MH  - Perchlorates/blood/*pharmacokinetics/urine
MH  - Radioisotopes
MH  - Tissue Distribution
EDAT- 2006/11/09 09:00
MHDA- 2007/01/11 09:00
CRDT- 2006/11/09 09:00
PHST- 2006/11/09 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/01/11 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/11/09 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/jf062033p [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Nov 15;54(23):8829-35. doi: 10.1021/jf062033p.