PMID- 17105767
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070406
LR  - 20161019
IS  - 0021-9533 (Print)
IS  - 0021-9533 (Linking)
VI  - 119
IP  - Pt 23
DP  - 2006 Dec 1
TI  - Three-dimensional analysis of mitosis and cytokinesis in the binucleate parasite 
      Giardia intestinalis.
PG  - 4889-900
AB  - In the binucleate parasite Giardia intestinalis, two diploid nuclei and essential 
      cytoskeletal structures including eight flagella are duplicated and partitioned 
      into two daughter cells during cell division. The mechanisms of mitosis and 
      cytokinesis in the binucleate parasite Giardia are poorly resolved, yet have 
      important implications for the maintenance of genetic heterozygosity. To 
      articulate the mechanism of mitosis and the plane of cell division, we used 
      three-dimensional deconvolution microscopy of each stage of mitosis to monitor 
      the spatial relationships of conserved cytological markers to the mitotic 
      spindles, the centromeres and the spindle poles. Using both light- and 
      transmission electron microscopy, we determined that Giardia has a semi-open 
      mitosis with two extranuclear spindles that access chromatin through polar 
      openings in the nuclear membranes. In prophase, the nuclei migrate to the cell 
      midline, followed by lateral chromosome segregation in anaphase. Taxol treatment 
      results in lagging chromosomes and half-spindles. Our analysis supports a nuclear 
      migration model of mitosis with lateral chromosome segregation in the left-right 
      axis and cytokinesis along the longitudinal plane (perpendicular to the 
      spindles), ensuring that each daughter inherits one copy of each parental nucleus 
      with mirror image symmetry. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to an 
      episomal plasmid confirms that the nuclei remain separate and are inherited with 
      mirror image symmetry.
FAU - Sagolla, Meredith S
AU  - Sagolla MS
AD  - Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, 
      Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
FAU - Dawson, Scott C
AU  - Dawson SC
FAU - Mancuso, Joel J
AU  - Mancuso JJ
FAU - Cande, W Zacheus
AU  - Cande WZ
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI054693/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AI054693/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20061114
PL  - England
TA  - J Cell Sci
JT  - Journal of cell science
JID - 0052457
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Chromosome Segregation
MH  - *Cytokinesis
MH  - Flagella/genetics
MH  - Giardia lamblia/genetics/*ultrastructure
MH  - Imaging, Three-Dimensional/*methods
MH  - Microtubules/metabolism
MH  - *Mitosis
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Plasmids/genetics
MH  - Spindle Apparatus/metabolism
EDAT- 2006/11/16 09:00
MHDA- 2007/04/07 09:00
CRDT- 2006/11/16 09:00
PHST- 2006/11/16 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/04/07 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/11/16 09:00 [entrez]
AID - jcs.03276 [pii]
AID - 10.1242/jcs.03276 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Cell Sci. 2006 Dec 1;119(Pt 23):4889-900. doi: 10.1242/jcs.03276. Epub 2006 Nov 
      14.