PMID- 17105934
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070110
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 0077-8923 (Print)
IS  - 0077-8923 (Linking)
VI  - 1074
DP  - 2006 Aug
TI  - Neural effects of MDMA as determined by functional magnetic resonance imaging and 
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy in awake marmoset monkeys.
PG  - 365-76
AB  - We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the acute 
      effects of a recreational dose (1 mg/kg p.o.) of 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on regional brain activity in awake, 
      restrained marmoset monkeys. In a second study, magnetic resonance spectroscopy 
      (MRS) and postmortem measurements of serotonin transporter (SERT) binding and 
      serotonin (5-HT) concentrations were used to determine the neurotoxic effects of 
      low (4 x 1 mg/kg p.o.) and high (4 x 10 mg/kg i.m.) doses of MDMA. Several brain 
      areas were significantly activated by the low oral dose of MDMA, including the 
      midbrain raphe nuclei, hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and the 
      corticostriatal circuit composed of the dorsal thalamus, sensory motor cortex, 
      and basal ganglia. MDMA activated the primary visual cortex under baseline 
      conditions and also enhanced the visual cortical response to photic stimulation. 
      The onset of brain activation correlated well with the rise in plasma MDMA 
      concentrations measured in separate monkeys given the same drug treatment. In the 
      second study, the ratio of N-acetylaspartate (NAA; a putative neuronal marker) to 
      creatine was significantly reduced in the hypothalamus following either MDMA 
      treatment regimen, suggesting a particular vulnerability of this structure to 
      MDMA-induced damage. Monkeys given the high-dose regimen also showed prolonged 
      hyperthermia and reductions in 5-HT and SERT in a number of brain areas. These 
      results are the first to identify the pattern of MDMA-induced brain activation in 
      a nonhuman primate model, and they further suggest that even recreational doses 
      of MDMA may have adverse consequences as indicated by the reduced hypothalamic 
      NAA/creatine ratio.
FAU - Meyer, Jerrold S
AU  - Meyer JS
AD  - Department of Psychology, 135 Hicks Way, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 
      01003, USA. jmeyer@psych.umass.edu
FAU - Brevard, Matthew E
AU  - Brevard ME
FAU - Piper, Brian J
AU  - Piper BJ
FAU - Ali, Syed F
AU  - Ali SF
FAU - Ferris, Craig F
AU  - Ferris CF
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DA0135517/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DA019158/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - United States
TA  - Ann N Y Acad Sci
JT  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
JID - 7506858
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers/analysis
MH  - Brain/*drug effects
MH  - Callithrix
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Hallucinogens/*pharmacology
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*instrumentation/methods
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*administration & dosage
EDAT- 2006/11/16 09:00
MHDA- 2007/01/11 09:00
CRDT- 2006/11/16 09:00
PHST- 2006/11/16 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/01/11 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/11/16 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 1074/1/365 [pii]
AID - 10.1196/annals.1369.036 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Aug;1074:365-76. doi: 10.1196/annals.1369.036.