PMID- 17131234
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070810
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 0043-5325 (Print)
IS  - 0043-5325 (Linking)
VI  - 118
IP  - 19-20 Suppl 3
DP  - 2006
TI  - Vaccines against traveler's diarrhoea and rotavirus disease - a review.
PG  - 2-8
AB  - Diarrheal diseases constitute one of the most important health problems 
      worldwide, preferentially in developing countries with a morbidity of estimated 5 
      billion and a mortality of 5 million cases per year. Children less than 5 years 
      are particularly in danger with respect to the incidence and severity of the 
      gastrointestinal symptoms. Travelers to developing countries are also at risk to 
      develop diarrheal disorders; around 30-50% of them acquire so called "travelers's 
      diarrhea" caused by bacteria, viruses or protozoa. It has been estimated that 
      approximately 30-70% of diarrhea are due to bacteria, of which the most 
      frequently detected enteric pathogens are non-invasive, enterotoxigenic 
      Escherichia coli (ETEC). Their exotoxins, the heat stabile (ST) and the heat 
      labile (LT) toxins are in large part responsible for the pathogenicity of the 
      bacteria. About 20% of cases of traveler's diarrhea are caused by LT producing 
      ETEC. This heat labile toxin exhibits a 80% sequence homology with cholera toxin. 
      The presently available vaccine against cholera (Dukoral) contains inactivated 
      Vibrio cholerae bacteria and the recombinant non-toxic B subunit of cholera 
      toxin. Consequently, this vaccine displays also some efficacy against traveler's 
      diarrhoea with up to 25% of travelers being protected against this disease. 
      Rotaviruses are the leading recognized cause of diarrhoea-related illness and 
      deaths among infants worldwide in developing and industrialized countries. Based 
      on the high incidence of this disease two oral vaccines have been developed and 
      will be available in Europe in 2006. Due to the impact of rotavirus diseases also 
      in Austria vaccination against this disease has been already suggested in the 
      Austrian vaccination schedules for infants from 6-24 weeks of age. One of the two 
      vaccines, Rotarix, is an attenuated monovalent vaccine with a broad 
      cross-reactivity against the most frequent serotypes. The second one, RotaTeq, is 
      a pentavalent attenuated vaccine containing 5 human-bovine reassortants. Both 
      vaccines display 85-98% efficacy against severe rotavirus disease and an 
      excellent tolerability with no difference in side reactions to the placebo 
      controls, particularly with respect to intussusceptions. With respect to 
      increasing travel habits with infants and small children, particularly when 
      visiting friends and relatives, vaccination against rotavirus infections will 
      also be important in international travel.
FAU - Wiedermann, Ursula
AU  - Wiedermann U
AD  - Department of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Physiology 
      and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 
      ursula.wiedermann@meduniwien.ac.at
FAU - Kollaritsch, Herwig
AU  - Kollaritsch H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Austria
TA  - Wien Klin Wochenschr
JT  - Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
JID - 21620870R
RN  - 0 (Escherichia coli Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (Rotavirus Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Austria
MH  - Child
MH  - Developing Countries
MH  - Dysentery/immunology/*prevention & control
MH  - Escherichia coli Infections/immunology/*prevention & control
MH  - Escherichia coli Vaccines/immunology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunization Schedule
MH  - Infant
MH  - Rotavirus Infections/immunology/*prevention & control
MH  - Rotavirus Vaccines/immunology/*therapeutic use
MH  - *Travel
RF  - 46
EDAT- 2006/11/30 09:00
MHDA- 2007/08/11 09:00
CRDT- 2006/11/30 09:00
PHST- 2006/11/30 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/08/11 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/11/30 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00508-006-0671-5 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2006;118(19-20 Suppl 3):2-8. doi: 
      10.1007/s00508-006-0671-5.