PMID- 17182119
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070405
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0166-445X (Print)
IS  - 0166-445X (Linking)
VI  - 81
IP  - 1
DP  - 2007 Feb 15
TI  - Long-term exposure to arsenic affects head kidney and impairs humoral immune 
      responses of Clarias batrachus.
PG  - 79-89
AB  - The present study was aimed at determining the effects of long-term arsenic 
      exposure on the head kidney (HK) and ensuing humoral immune responses in Clarias 
      batrachus L. Long-term exposure (150 days) to non-lethal concentrations of 
      arsenic (42.42 microM) resulted in significant time-dependent alterations in HK 
      cell number eventually affecting the HK somatic index. Prolonged exposure to 
      arsenic also suppressed HK-B cell proliferation and led to significant reduction 
      in serum immunoglobulin levels and antigen-specific serum bacterial agglutinin 
      titers. A decline in the number of antigen-specific plaque-forming cells with 
      duration of arsenic exposure was noted in the HK. Enzyme linked immunosorbent 
      assays further revealed that arsenic exposure inhibited the release of "IL-4 like 
      factors" from HK-T cells. Histological studies documented time-dependent changes 
      in the structure and cellular composition of HK characterized by extensive 
      lymphocytopenia, decrease in melano-macrophage population and hemosiderin 
      accumulation. From exposure-challenge studies with Aeromonas hydrophila it was 
      evident that pathogens could efficiently disseminate and colonize distant host 
      tissues in the exposed fish. Moreover, the ability to decrease the pathogen load 
      was also significantly reduced in the arsenic-exposed fish. Thus long-term 
      exposure to non-lethal concentrations of arsenic affects HK and interferes with 
      the humoral immune system of C. batrachus rendering them immunocompromised and 
      susceptible to pathogenic challenge.
FAU - Ghosh, Debabrata
AU  - Ghosh D
AD  - Immunobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Visva-Bharati University, 
      Santiniketan 731235, India.
FAU - Datta, Soma
AU  - Datta S
FAU - Bhattacharya, Shelley
AU  - Bhattacharya S
FAU - Mazumder, Shibnath
AU  - Mazumder S
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20061118
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Aquat Toxicol
JT  - Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
JID - 8500246
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulins)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 207137-56-2 (Interleukin-4)
RN  - N712M78A8G (Arsenic)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aeromonas hydrophila/immunology/pathogenicity
MH  - Agglutination Tests/veterinary
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibody Formation/*drug effects
MH  - Arsenic/*toxicity
MH  - B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
MH  - Catfishes/*immunology
MH  - Disease Susceptibility/chemically induced
MH  - Fish Diseases/*immunology
MH  - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/immunology/veterinary
MH  - Immunoglobulins/blood/drug effects
MH  - Interleukin-4/analysis
MH  - Kidney/*drug effects
MH  - Lymphocytes/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
EDAT- 2006/12/22 09:00
MHDA- 2007/04/06 09:00
CRDT- 2006/12/22 09:00
PHST- 2006/07/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2006/11/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2006/11/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/12/22 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/04/06 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/12/22 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0166-445X(06)00411-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.11.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Aquat Toxicol. 2007 Feb 15;81(1):79-89. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.11.004. Epub 
      2006 Nov 18.