PMID- 17185007
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070716
LR  - 20220409
IS  - 1074-7427 (Print)
IS  - 1074-7427 (Linking)
VI  - 87
IP  - 4
DP  - 2007 May
TI  - High impact running improves learning.
PG  - 597-609
AB  - Regular physical exercise improves cognitive functions and lowers the risk for 
      age-related cognitive decline. Since little is known about the nature and the 
      timing of the underlying mechanisms, we probed whether exercise also has 
      immediate beneficial effects on cognition. Learning performance was assessed 
      directly after high impact anaerobic sprints, low impact aerobic running, or a 
      period of rest in 27 healthy subjects in a randomized cross-over design. 
      Dependent variables comprised learning speed as well as immediate (1 week) and 
      long-term (>8 months) overall success in acquiring a novel vocabulary. Peripheral 
      levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and catecholamines (dopamine, 
      epinephrine, norepinephrine) were assessed prior to and after the interventions 
      as well as after learning. We found that vocabulary learning was 20 percent 
      faster after intense physical exercise as compared to the other two conditions. 
      This condition also elicited the strongest increases in BDNF and catecholamine 
      levels. More sustained BDNF levels during learning after intense exercise were 
      related to better short-term learning success, whereas absolute dopamine and 
      epinephrine levels were related to better intermediate (dopamine) and long-term 
      (epinephrine) retentions of the novel vocabulary. Thus, BDNF and two of the 
      catecholamines seem to be mediators by which physical exercise improves learning.
FAU - Winter, Bernward
AU  - Winter B
AD  - Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany. 
      bwinter@uni-muenster.de
FAU - Breitenstein, Caterina
AU  - Breitenstein C
FAU - Mooren, Frank C
AU  - Mooren FC
FAU - Voelker, Klaus
AU  - Voelker K
FAU - Fobker, Manfred
AU  - Fobker M
FAU - Lechtermann, Anja
AU  - Lechtermann A
FAU - Krueger, Karsten
AU  - Krueger K
FAU - Fromme, Albert
AU  - Fromme A
FAU - Korsukewitz, Catharina
AU  - Korsukewitz C
FAU - Floel, Agnes
AU  - Floel A
FAU - Knecht, Stefan
AU  - Knecht S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20061220
PL  - United States
TA  - Neurobiol Learn Mem
JT  - Neurobiology of learning and memory
JID - 9508166
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Catecholamines)
RN  - VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine)
RN  - X4W3ENH1CV (Norepinephrine)
RN  - YKH834O4BH (Epinephrine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Affect/physiology
MH  - Anaerobic Threshold/physiology
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/blood
MH  - Catecholamines/*blood
MH  - Cognition/*physiology
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Dopamine/blood
MH  - Epinephrine/blood
MH  - Exercise/*physiology/psychology
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Norepinephrine/blood
MH  - Physical Exertion/*physiology
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Running/physiology/psychology
MH  - Statistics, Nonparametric
MH  - Verbal Learning/*physiology
MH  - Vocabulary
EDAT- 2006/12/23 09:00
MHDA- 2007/07/17 09:00
CRDT- 2006/12/23 09:00
PHST- 2006/09/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2006/10/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2006/11/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/12/23 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/07/17 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/12/23 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S1074-7427(06)00159-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.nlm.2006.11.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2007 May;87(4):597-609. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2006.11.003. Epub 
      2006 Dec 20.