PMID- 17224259 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070626 LR - 20070213 IS - 0923-2508 (Print) IS - 0923-2508 (Linking) VI - 158 IP - 1 DP - 2007 Jan-Feb TI - Cultivation-independent assessment of the bacterial diversity of breast milk among healthy women. PG - 31-7 AB - Breast milk has been shown to be an excellent and continuous source of commensal and potentially probiotic bacteria to the infant gut. Our aim was to evaluate the dominant bacteria existing in breast milk of healthy women and the potential role of transit through the vagina in the acquisition of breast milk microbiota using the 16S rRNA amplified gene approach. Samples of breast milk were aseptically collected, at day 7 after delivery, from five mothers whose neonates were born by vaginal delivery and from five others who had had their babies by programmed elective cesarean section. All mothers were healthy, had a full-term pregnancy and breastfed their infants. DNA extracted from biological samples was used as a template for PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene sequences with universal bacterial primers; then the PCR products were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE); finally, clone libraries of 16S rRNA gene sequences from 4 mothers (2 from each group) were constructed. PCR DGGE patterns and clone libraries suggest that each woman had a specific bacterial pattern in her breast milk, and confirm, at the molecular level, that breast milk of healthy women is a source of commensal bacteria to the infant gut. They also reinforce recent molecular studies which have shown that lactic acid bacteria colonization is not significantly related to the delivery method. FAU - Martin, Rocio AU - Martin R AD - Departamento de Nutricion, Bromatologia y Tecnologia de los Alimentos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Heilig, Hans G H J AU - Heilig HG FAU - Zoetendal, Erwin G AU - Zoetendal EG FAU - Jimenez, Esther AU - Jimenez E FAU - Fernandez, Leonides AU - Fernandez L FAU - Smidt, Hauke AU - Smidt H FAU - Rodriguez, Juan M AU - Rodriguez JM LA - eng SI - GENBANK/AM157417 SI - GENBANK/AM157418 SI - GENBANK/AM157419 SI - GENBANK/AM157420 SI - GENBANK/AM157421 SI - GENBANK/AM157422 SI - GENBANK/AM157423 SI - GENBANK/AM157424 SI - GENBANK/AM157425 SI - GENBANK/AM157426 SI - GENBANK/AM157427 SI - GENBANK/AM157428 SI - GENBANK/AM157429 SI - GENBANK/AM157430 SI - GENBANK/AM157431 SI - GENBANK/AM157432 SI - GENBANK/AM157433 SI - GENBANK/AM157434 SI - GENBANK/AM157435 SI - GENBANK/AM157436 SI - GENBANK/AM157437 SI - GENBANK/AM157438 SI - GENBANK/AM157439 SI - GENBANK/AM157440 SI - GENBANK/AM157441 SI - GENBANK/AM157442 SI - GENBANK/AM157443 SI - GENBANK/AM157444 SI - GENBANK/AM157445 SI - GENBANK/AM157446 SI - GENBANK/AM157447 SI - GENBANK/AM157448 SI - GENBANK/AM157449 SI - GENBANK/AM157450 SI - GENBANK/AM157451 SI - GENBANK/AM157452 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20061219 PL - France TA - Res Microbiol JT - Research in microbiology JID - 8907468 RN - 0 (RNA, Bacterial) RN - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S) SB - IM MH - Bacteria/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification MH - Cesarean Section MH - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional MH - Female MH - Gene Library MH - Humans MH - Live Birth MH - Milk, Human/*microbiology MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - RNA, Bacterial/analysis/genetics MH - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis/genetics MH - Species Specificity EDAT- 2007/01/17 09:00 MHDA- 2007/06/27 09:00 CRDT- 2007/01/17 09:00 PHST- 2006/08/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2006/11/17 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2006/11/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2007/01/17 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/06/27 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/01/17 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0923-2508(06)00247-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.resmic.2006.11.004 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Res Microbiol. 2007 Jan-Feb;158(1):31-7. doi: 10.1016/j.resmic.2006.11.004. Epub 2006 Dec 19.