PMID- 17306879
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070731
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1549-4713 (Electronic)
IS  - 0161-6420 (Linking)
VI  - 114
IP  - 7
DP  - 2007 Jul
TI  - Biologic risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy: the Los Angeles 
      Latino Eye Study.
PG  - 1332-40
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To identify biologic risk factors associated with having diabetic 
      retinopathy (DR) in Latinos with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN: 
      Population-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Six thousand three hundred 
      fifty-seven Latinos ages > or =40 years from 6 census tracts in Los Angeles, 
      California. METHODS: An in-home interview was administered to all participants in 
      the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (LALES). All participants diagnosed with T2DM 
      underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination including stereoscopic fundus 
      photography (7 standard Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study fields). 
      Photographs were graded in a masked manner using a modified Airlie House grading 
      system to assess presence and severity of DR. Univariate and stepwise logistic 
      regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors. MAIN OUTCOME 
      MEASURES: Biologic risk factors associated with any DR and proliferative DR 
      (PDR). RESULTS: Of the 7789 eligible individuals in LALES, 6357 (82%) had a 
      clinical examination. One thousand two hundred sixty-three participants had 
      definite diabetes and 1187 Latinos had T2DM. Of those with T2DM, 46% (544) had 
      DR. Stepwise logistic regression analyses revealed that compared with females, 
      males had a 50% higher risk of having any DR (OR = 1.50; P = 0.006). Factors 
      independently associated with a greater risk of having any DR were longer 
      duration of known diabetes (per year, OR = 1.08, P<0.0001), higher glycosylated 
      hemoglobin levels (per 1%, OR = 1.22, P<0.0001); higher systolic blood pressure 
      (per 20 mmHg, OR = 1.26, P = 0.002); and insulin treatment (OR = 1.60, P = 0.01). 
      Factors independently associated with PDR included longer duration of known 
      diabetes (per year, OR = 1.06, P<0.0001); being on insulin treatment (OR = 3.2, 
      P<0.0001); and a higher systolic blood pressure (per 20 mmHg, OR = 1.44, P = 
      0.01). The relationship of these variables to the risk of having DR or PDR is not 
      a constant linear function in all cases and varies depending on the variable. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the high risk of DR in adult Latinos is 
      independently associated with both nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors. 
      These findings suggest that controlling hyperglycemia and hypertension in this 
      ethnic group may reduce the high risk of having DR associated with T2DM.
FAU - Varma, Rohit
AU  - Varma R
AD  - Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, 
      University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
FAU - Macias, Ginger L
AU  - Macias GL
FAU - Torres, Mina
AU  - Torres M
FAU - Klein, Ronald
AU  - Klein R
FAU - Pena, Fernando Y
AU  - Pena FY
FAU - Azen, Stanley P
AU  - Azen SP
CN  - Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 EY003040/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U10 EY011753/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - EY 03040/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - EY 11753/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20070216
PL  - United States
TA  - Ophthalmology
JT  - Ophthalmology
JID - 7802443
RN  - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin A)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Blood Pressure
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/drug therapy/ethnology/physiopathology
MH  - Diabetic Retinopathy/*ethnology/*etiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism
MH  - *Hispanic or Latino
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Insulin/therapeutic use
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2007/02/20 09:00
MHDA- 2007/08/01 09:00
CRDT- 2007/02/20 09:00
PHST- 2006/06/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2006/10/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2006/10/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2007/02/20 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/08/01 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/02/20 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0161-6420(06)01461-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.10.023 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ophthalmology. 2007 Jul;114(7):1332-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.10.023. Epub 
      2007 Feb 16.