PMID- 17311805
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080108
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0267-8357 (Print)
IS  - 0267-8357 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 3
DP  - 2007 May
TI  - Environmental lead exposure increases micronuclei in children.
PG  - 201-7
AB  - The objective of this pilot study was to investigate the contribution of 
      environmental exposures to lead in the development of cytogenetic damage detected 
      as the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in children. The other aim was to apply the 
      MN assay in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a 
      pan-centromeric chromosome probe to elucidate the formation mechanism of induced 
      MN. The examined population was composed of 9-year-old children (n = 92), living 
      in the region where non-ferrous ores are extracted and processed. The non-exposed 
      group consisted of 49 children of the same age from an unexposed recreational 
      area. Exposure to lead was assessed by determination of lead concentrations in 
      blood (PbB) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, whereas the level of selenium 
      (Se) in serum was detected by using graphite furnace atomic-absorption 
      spectrometry. The frequency of MN was determined by the cytokinesis-block MN 
      assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization performed using a specific 
      pan-centromeric probe. Environmental exposure to lead resulted in significantly 
      increased levels of PbB (5.29 +/- 2.09 versus 3.45 +/- 1.20 microg/dl in 
      controls), although the average level was much below the value of the biological 
      exposure limit = 10 microg/dl. A negative correlation between lead in blood and 
      Se in serum concentrations (P = 0.006) was found for the pooled study population. 
      The results showed a significant difference (P < 0.0001) in the level of MN 
      between the exposed and control group (standard MN test: 2.96 +/- 2.36 versus 
      1.16 +/- 1.28; FISH technique: 3.57 +/- 3.02 versus 1.43 +/- 1.69, respectively). 
      The frequencies of both centromere-positive (C+MN) and centromere-negative (C-MN) 
      micronuclei were significantly increased in exposed children; however, the 
      contribution of C+MN in the total number of MN in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 
      exposed children was significantly higher than in the controls what may suggest a 
      pro-aneugenic effect of the exposure to lead. The results of multiple regression 
      analysis indicated that the exposure to lead was an important factor affecting 
      the increase in MN frequency what was confirmed by significant correlation 
      between the PbB and MN levels. In conclusion, our results suggest that the 
      exposure to lead may be associated with an increased frequency of MN, especially 
      of C+MN; however, the influence of other factors (e.g. vitamins and minerals in 
      the diet) cannot be excluded.
FAU - Kapka, Lucyna
AU  - Kapka L
AD  - Department of Genetic Toxicology, Institute of Occupational Medicine and 
      Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland. l.kapka@imp.sosnowiec.pl
FAU - Baumgartner, Adolf
AU  - Baumgartner A
FAU - Siwinska, Ewa
AU  - Siwinska E
FAU - Knudsen, Lisbeth E
AU  - Knudsen LE
FAU - Anderson, Diana
AU  - Anderson D
FAU - Mielzynska, Danuta
AU  - Mielzynska D
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20070220
PL  - England
TA  - Mutagenesis
JT  - Mutagenesis
JID - 8707812
RN  - 2P299V784P (Lead)
RN  - H6241UJ22B (Selenium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Child
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Lead/blood/*toxicity
MH  - Male
MH  - Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective/*drug effects
MH  - Micronucleus Tests
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Poland
MH  - Regression Analysis
MH  - Selenium/blood
MH  - Spectrophotometry, Atomic
EDAT- 2007/02/22 09:00
MHDA- 2008/01/09 09:00
CRDT- 2007/02/22 09:00
PHST- 2007/02/22 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/01/09 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/02/22 09:00 [entrez]
AID - gem004 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/mutage/gem004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mutagenesis. 2007 May;22(3):201-7. doi: 10.1093/mutage/gem004. Epub 2007 Feb 20.