PMID- 17332640 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070424 LR - 20070302 IS - 1064-3745 (Print) IS - 1064-3745 (Linking) VI - 353 DP - 2007 TI - Fluorescence in situ hybridization for the identification of environmental microbes. PG - 153-64 AB - This chapter presents a protocol for the phylogenetic identification of microorganisms in environmental samples (water and sediments) by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with ribosomal RNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes and signal amplification (catalyzed reporter deposition [CARD]). The FISH probes are labeled with the enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP). A subsequent deposition of fluorescently labeled tyramides results in substantially higher signal intensities of target cells than after FISH with probes directly labeled with fluorochromes. Sample preparation and cell permeabilization strategies for various microbial cell wall types are discussed. The custom labeling of tyramides with different fluorochromes is described. A sequential multicolor CARD-FISH protocol is outlined for the simultaneous detection of different phylogenetic groups. FAU - Pernthaler, Annelie AU - Pernthaler A AD - Molecular Ecology Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany. FAU - Pernthaler, Jakob AU - Pernthaler J LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Methods Mol Biol JT - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) JID - 9214969 RN - 0 (Buffers) RN - 0 (Oligonucleotide Probes) RN - 0 (RNA, Bacterial) RN - EC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase) SB - IM MH - Bacteria/genetics/isolation & purification MH - Buffers MH - *Environmental Microbiology MH - Horseradish Peroxidase MH - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/*methods MH - Microbiological Techniques/*methods MH - Molecular Probe Techniques MH - Oligonucleotide Probes/genetics MH - RNA, Bacterial/genetics/isolation & purification EDAT- 2007/03/03 09:00 MHDA- 2007/04/25 09:00 CRDT- 2007/03/03 09:00 PHST- 2007/03/03 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/04/25 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2007/03/03 09:00 [entrez] AID - 1-59745-229-7:153 [pii] AID - 10.1385/1-59745-229-7:153 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Methods Mol Biol. 2007;353:153-64. doi: 10.1385/1-59745-229-7:153.