PMID- 17364164
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20071127
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 0932-0113 (Print)
IS  - 0932-0113 (Linking)
VI  - 101
IP  - 3
DP  - 2007 Aug
TI  - Human-virulent microsporidian spores in solid waste landfill leachate and sewage 
      sludge, and effects of sanitization treatments on their inactivation.
PG  - 569-75
AB  - Solid waste landfill leachate and sewage sludge samples were quantitatively 
      tested for viable Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, 
      Encephalitozoon hellem, and Encephalitozoon cuniculi spores by the multiplexed 
      fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay. The landfill leachate samples 
      tested positive for E. bieneusi and the sludge samples for E. bieneusi and E. 
      intestinalis. The effects of four sanitization treatments on the inactivation of 
      these pathogens were assessed. Depending on the variations utilized in the 
      ultrasound disintegration, sonication reduced the load of human-virulent 
      microsporidian spores to nondetectable levels in 19 out of 27 samples (70.4%). 
      Quicklime stabilization was 100% effective, whereas microwave energy 
      disintegration was 100% ineffective against the spores of E. bieneusi and E. 
      intestinalis. Top-soil stabilization treatment gradually reduced the load of both 
      pathogens, consistent with the serial dilution of sewage sludge with the soil 
      substrate. This study demonstrated that sewage sludge and landfill leachate 
      contained high numbers of viable, human-virulent microsporidian spores, and that 
      sonication and quicklime stabilization were the most effective treatments for the 
      sanitization of sewage sludge and solid waste landfill leachates. Multiplexed 
      FISH assay is a reliable quantitative molecular fluorescence microscopy method 
      for the simultaneous identification of E. bieneusi, E. intestinalis, E. hellem, 
      and E. cuniculi spores in environmental samples.
FAU - Graczyk, Thaddeus K
AU  - Graczyk TK
AD  - Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Environmental Health 
      Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 
      21205, USA. tgraczyk@jhsph.edu
FAU - Kacprzak, Malgorzata
AU  - Kacprzak M
FAU - Neczaj, Ewa
AU  - Neczaj E
FAU - Tamang, Leena
AU  - Tamang L
FAU - Graczyk, Halshka
AU  - Graczyk H
FAU - Lucy, Frances E
AU  - Lucy FE
FAU - Girouard, Autumn S
AU  - Girouard AS
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 ES03819/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20070316
PL  - Germany
TA  - Parasitol Res
JT  - Parasitology research
JID - 8703571
RN  - 0 (Calcium Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Oxides)
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - C7X2M0VVNH (lime)
SB  - IM
MH  - Calcium Compounds/administration & dosage
MH  - Disinfection/instrumentation/*methods
MH  - Encephalitozoon/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity
MH  - Encephalitozoon cuniculi/classification/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Enterocytozoon/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Microsporidia/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity
MH  - Microwaves
MH  - Oxides/administration & dosage
MH  - Refuse Disposal/*methods
MH  - Sewage/*parasitology
MH  - Soil/analysis
MH  - *Soil Microbiology
MH  - *Spores, Fungal/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity
MH  - Virulence
EDAT- 2007/03/17 09:00
MHDA- 2007/12/06 09:00
CRDT- 2007/03/17 09:00
PHST- 2007/01/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2007/03/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2007/03/17 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/12/06 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/03/17 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00436-007-0515-x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Parasitol Res. 2007 Aug;101(3):569-75. doi: 10.1007/s00436-007-0515-x. Epub 2007 
      Mar 16.