PMID- 17434274
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080205
LR  - 20080114
IS  - 1872-6283 (Electronic)
IS  - 0379-0738 (Linking)
VI  - 174
IP  - 2-3
DP  - 2008 Jan 30
TI  - The U.S. Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs: 
      current status and future considerations.
PG  - 111-9
AB  - The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) drug testing standards 
      were published in 1988 and revised in 1994, 1998, and 2004. In 2004, significant 
      revisions defining, standardizing, and requiring specimen validity testing on 
      Federal employee donor urine specimens were included. In a separate notice, HHS 
      proposed to establish scientific and technical guidelines for the Federal 
      Workplace Drug Testing Program to: (1) permit laboratory testing of hair, oral 
      fluid, and sweat patch specimens in addition to urine specimens for marijuana, 
      cocaine, phencyclidine, opiates (with focus on heroin), and amphetamines 
      [including methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methylenedioxyethamphetamine 
      (MDEA), methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)]; (2) permit use of on-site point of 
      collection test (POCT) devices to test urine and oral fluid at collection sites; 
      (3) permit use of instrumented initial test (screening only) facilities [IITF] to 
      quickly identify negative specimens; and (4) add training requirement for 
      collectors, on-site testers, and MROs. This proposal was published in the Federal 
      Register on 13 April 2004, with a 90-day public comment period. The Substance 
      Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, HHS, reviewed those comments and 
      is preparing the Final Notice that will define the requirements for such testing, 
      including: specimen collection procedures, custody and control procedures that 
      ensure donor specimen identity and integrity, testing facility, initial and 
      confirmatory test cutoff concentrations, analytical testing methods, result 
      review and reporting, evaluation of alternative medical explanations for presence 
      of drug or metabolite in the donor's specimen, and laboratory certification 
      issues. Voluntary pilot performance testing (PT) programs for each specimen type 
      are on-going since April 2000 to determine how to prepare PT materials for 
      specimens other than urine to evaluate laboratories' ability to routinely achieve 
      accuracy and precision required. Certification programs will be developed using 
      the current urine drug testing National Laboratory Certification Program model. 
      The addition of accurate and reliable workplace drug testing using hair, oral 
      fluid, and sweat patch specimens will complement urine drug testing, and aid in 
      combating industries devoted to suborning drug testing through adulteration, 
      substitution, and dilution. For example, hair testing may detect chronic drug use 
      for up to 90 days and be useful in pre-employment situations; oral fluid testing 
      may detect drug use in past hours and be useful in post-accident situations; 
      sweat patch testing may be useful in follow-up drug testing and treatment 
      programs; POCTs and IITFs may be most useful for quickly identifying specimens 
      that are negative for drugs and indicate that the specimen is valid.
FAU - Bush, Donna M
AU  - Bush DM
AD  - Division of Workplace Programs, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services 
      Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services, One Choke Cherry 
      Road, Room 2-1033, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Donna.Bush@samhsa.hhs.gov
LA  - eng
PT  - Guideline
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20070416
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Forensic Sci Int
JT  - Forensic science international
JID - 7902034
SB  - IM
MH  - Hair/chemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Mandatory Programs
MH  - Occupational Health Services
MH  - Organizational Policy
MH  - Saliva/chemistry
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection/*legislation & jurisprudence/methods
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis
MH  - Sweat/chemistry
MH  - United States
MH  - United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
MH  - *Workplace
EDAT- 2007/04/17 09:00
MHDA- 2008/02/06 09:00
CRDT- 2007/04/17 09:00
PHST- 2007/04/17 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/02/06 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/04/17 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0379-0738(07)00146-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.03.008 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Forensic Sci Int. 2008 Jan 30;174(2-3):111-9. doi: 
      10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.03.008. Epub 2007 Apr 16.