PMID- 17435648
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070719
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1531-0132 (Electronic)
IS  - 1531-0132 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 1
DP  - 2007 Mar 5
TI  - Evolution of a pulmonary insulin delivery system (Exubera) for patients with 
      diabetes.
PG  - 45
AB  - Many patients with diabetes fail to meet recommended glycemic goals regardless of 
      the recognition of optimal glycemic control as a key component for improving 
      clinical outcomes and quality of life in patients with diabetes. Patient- and 
      physician-related barriers to the adoption of insulin therapy include fear and 
      anxiety about injecting insulin, concerns about side effects, and personal health 
      beliefs in regard to the use of insulin. There is an unmet need for an 
      alternative insulin therapy that provides optimal glycemic control, is well 
      tolerated, and improves patient adherence. Of the several inhaled insulin devices 
      that are in various stages of development, the Exubera (INH) formulation is the 
      first to be approved for use in the United States and in Europe. Exubera is a 
      novel, rapid-acting inhaled human insulin formulation that has been developed for 
      prandial insulin use. Clinical studies have shown that INH consistently improves 
      glycemic control, in combination with longer-acting subcutaneous (SC) insulin 
      regimens in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or is used to supplement or 
      replace oral antidiabetic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. INH has 
      demonstrated long-term safety and tolerability, with a risk for hypoglycemia 
      similar to that of SC insulin, and no clinically meaningful changes in pulmonary 
      function have been noted with its use. Patients treated with INH in clinical 
      studies reported high levels of satisfaction with treatment, and many patients 
      with diabetes choose inhaled insulin when it is offered as a treatment option. 
      Taken together, these findings suggest that INH represents an important new 
      development in the treatment of diabetes that may improve glycemic control in 
      many patients with diabetes.
FAU - Hollander, Priscilla A
AU  - Hollander PA
AD  - Baylor University Medical Center, Endocrinology Center, Dallas, Texas, USA. 
      priscilh@baylorhealth.edu
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20070305
PL  - United States
TA  - MedGenMed
JT  - MedGenMed : Medscape general medicine
JID - 100894134
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Exubera)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Inhalation
MH  - Blood Glucose/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/*drug therapy
MH  - Drug Delivery Systems/*trends
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin/*administration & dosage
PMC - PMC1925008
EDAT- 2007/04/17 09:00
MHDA- 2007/07/20 09:00
PMCR- 2007/01/01
CRDT- 2007/04/17 09:00
PHST- 2007/04/17 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/07/20 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/04/17 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2007/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 551574 [pii]
PST - epublish
SO  - MedGenMed. 2007 Mar 5;9(1):45.