PMID- 17466099
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070709
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0029-6651 (Print)
IS  - 0029-6651 (Linking)
VI  - 66
IP  - 2
DP  - 2007 May
TI  - n-3 PUFA in CVD: influence of cytokine polymorphism.
PG  - 166-70
AB  - In their current guidelines cardiac societies recommend the consumption of the 
      two n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA to prevent cardiovascular complications. 
      Cardiovascular events are reduced by EPA and DHA, because they are 
      antiarrhythmic, mitigate the course of atherosclerosis and stabilise plaque. As 
      atherosclerosis is considered an inflammatory disorder a number of studies have 
      investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of EPA and DHA in a cardiovascular 
      context in human dietary intervention studies. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, or 
      cytokines reflecting inflammatory processes, e.g. IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, TNFalpha, 
      platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A and -B and monocyte chemoattractant 
      protein-1 (MCP-1), are reduced by ingestion of EPA and DHA by human subjects. 
      Interestingly, C-reactive protein remains largely unaltered. However, in in vitro 
      and animal models, but less so in human subjects, soluble cytokines reflecting 
      interactions between blood cells and the vessel wall, such as intercellular 
      adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, are reduced. Moreover, 
      in contrast to common expectations, oxidative stress seems to be reduced after 
      ingestion of EPA and DHA, at least as indicated by measurement of urinary F(2) 
      isoprostane excretion. Notably, for PDGF-A and -B and for MCP-1 the reduction has 
      been demonstrated to occur at the gene expression level, which indicates that a 
      deliberate change in diet can alter gene expression quantitatively. The precise 
      underlying mechanism, however, remains to be clarified, but might involve PPAR, 
      NF-kappaB and/or the eicosanoid system. The same holds true for the mechanisms by 
      which levels of other cytokines are altered by EPA and DHA.
FAU - von Schacky, C
AU  - von Schacky C
AD  - Preventive Cardiology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik Innenstadt, University 
      of Munich, Ziemssenstrasse 1, D-80336 Munchen, Germany. 
      Clemens.vonschacky@med.uni-muenchen.de
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Proc Nutr Soc
JT  - The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
JID - 7505881
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids, Omega-3)
RN  - 25167-62-8 (Docosahexaenoic Acids)
RN  - AAN7QOV9EA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control
MH  - Cytokines/*biosynthesis/drug effects/*genetics
MH  - Docosahexaenoic Acids/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
MH  - Eicosapentaenoic Acid/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
MH  - Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Polymorphism, Genetic
RF  - 54
EDAT- 2007/05/01 09:00
MHDA- 2007/07/10 09:00
CRDT- 2007/05/01 09:00
PHST- 2007/05/01 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/07/10 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/05/01 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0029665107005411 [pii]
AID - 10.1017/S0029665107005411 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Nutr Soc. 2007 May;66(2):166-70. doi: 10.1017/S0029665107005411.