PMID- 17490715
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070914
LR  - 20070604
IS  - 0045-6535 (Print)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 68
IP  - 8
DP  - 2007 Jul
TI  - Approaches to assess the oral bioaccessibility of persistent organic pollutants: 
      a critical review.
PG  - 1399-407
AB  - Oral bioaccessibility, also known as in vitro gastrointestinal extraction or the 
      physiologically based extraction test (PBET), is an important tool when assessing 
      the risk to humans from persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (and metals). The 
      approach seeks to mimic the processes of human food digestion and thereby assess 
      the bioavailability of POPs (and metals) from materials consumed either 
      accidentally or intentionally in the diet. In vitro conditions are created to 
      simulate various actions in the stomach and intestines (although some methods 
      also include the mouth compartment). This paper reviews the current status of 
      oral bioaccessibility with respect to the release of POPs from soil and related 
      samples of environmental importance. Particular emphasis is placed on the 
      parameters that influence gastrointestinal extraction including gastric and 
      intestinal pH, enzymes, bile salts, food constituents and residence time. In 
      addition, important developments in the use of in vitro gastrointestinal 
      extraction are highlighted. These developments include the use of epithelial 
      Caco-2 cells to mimic the intestinal cell lining, the potential for 
      biotransformation of POPs into estrogenic metabolites as a result of colon 
      microbiota, and the use of in vivo studies to validate existing approaches.
FAU - Dean, John R
AU  - Dean JR
AD  - Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, 
      Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.
FAU - Ma, Renli
AU  - Ma R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20070508
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - Biological Availability
MH  - Biotransformation
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*pharmacokinetics
MH  - Gastrointestinal Tract/*metabolism/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Models, Biological
MH  - Organic Chemicals/*pharmacokinetics
RF  - 38
EDAT- 2007/05/11 09:00
MHDA- 2007/09/15 09:00
CRDT- 2007/05/11 09:00
PHST- 2006/12/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2007/03/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2007/03/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2007/05/11 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/09/15 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/05/11 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0045-6535(07)00407-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.054 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2007 Jul;68(8):1399-407. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.054. 
      Epub 2007 May 8.