PMID- 17495617
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070725
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1350-7540 (Print)
IS  - 1350-7540 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 3
DP  - 2007 Jun
TI  - Neuromyelitis optica.
PG  - 255-60
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We review recent advances in neuromyelitis optica, an 
      idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system 
      predominantly affecting optic nerves and spinal cord. We concentrate on a 
      recently identified serum antibody biomarker, neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin 
      G (NMO-IgG), which distinguishes neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis. 
      RECENT FINDINGS: NMO-IgG is detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Its presence 
      and specificity for neuromyelitis optica was confirmed in diverse populations. 
      Seropositivity is now incorporated into new diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis 
      optica. Testing for this biomarker has suggested that the neuromyelitis optica 
      spectrum is broader than previously recognized. Recently, the molecular target of 
      NMO-IgG was identified as aquaporin-4. Immunopathologic studies suggest that loss 
      of aquaporin-4 immunostaining is detectable in early lesions of neuromyelitis 
      optica. A B-cell-specific monoclonal antibody, rituximab, may be an effective 
      treatment even in patients not responding to other treatments. SUMMARY: Clinical, 
      radiologic, and immunologic features distinguish neuromyelitis optica from other 
      severe cases of multiple sclerosis. NMO-IgG is the first specific marker for a 
      central nervous system demyelinating disease. The discovery of aquaporin-4 as the 
      putative target of NMO-IgG, and recent data suggesting that aquaporin-4-specific 
      antibodies are pathogenic may enhance our understanding of idiopathic 
      inflammatory demyelinating diseases and their treatment.
FAU - Matiello, Marcelo
AU  - Matiello M
AD  - Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 
      55905, USA.
FAU - Jacob, Anu
AU  - Jacob A
FAU - Wingerchuk, Dean M
AU  - Wingerchuk DM
FAU - Weinshenker, Brian G
AU  - Weinshenker BG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Curr Opin Neurol
JT  - Current opinion in neurology
JID - 9319162
RN  - 0 (AQP4 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived)
RN  - 0 (Antirheumatic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Aquaporin 4)
RN  - 0 (Autoantibodies)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
RN  - 4F4X42SYQ6 (Rituximab)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
MH  - Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
MH  - Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Aquaporin 4/*immunology
MH  - Autoantibodies/analysis/blood/*immunology
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/standards
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/analysis/blood/*immunology
MH  - Neuromyelitis Optica/blood/*diagnosis/*immunology
MH  - Neurons/immunology
MH  - Optic Nerve/immunology/physiopathology
MH  - Rituximab
MH  - Spinal Cord/immunology/physiopathology
RF  - 39
EDAT- 2007/05/15 09:00
MHDA- 2007/07/26 09:00
CRDT- 2007/05/15 09:00
PHST- 2007/05/15 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/07/26 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/05/15 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 00019052-200706000-00003 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/WCO.0b013e32814f1c6b [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Opin Neurol. 2007 Jun;20(3):255-60. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e32814f1c6b.