PMID- 17517125
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070712
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1742-4690 (Electronic)
IS  - 1742-4690 (Linking)
VI  - 4
DP  - 2007 May 21
TI  - Genetic and phylogenetic evolution of HIV-1 in a low subtype heterogeneity 
      epidemic: the Italian example.
PG  - 34
AB  - The Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) is classified into genetic 
      groups, subtypes and sub-subtypes which show a specific geographic distribution 
      pattern. The HIV-1 epidemic in Italy, as in most of the Western Countries, has 
      traditionally affected the Intra-venous drug user (IDU) and Homosexual (Homo) 
      risk groups and has been sustained by the genetic B subtype. In the last years, 
      however, the HIV-1 transmission rate among heterosexuals has dramatically 
      increased, becoming the prevalent transmission route. In fact, while the 
      traditional risk groups have high levels of knowledge and avoid high-risk 
      practices, the heterosexuals do not sufficiently perceive the risk of HIV-1 
      infection. This misperception, linked to the growing number of immigrants from 
      non-Western Countries, where non-B clades and circulating recombinant forms 
      (CRFs) are prevalent, is progressively introducing HIV-1 variants of non-B 
      subtype in the Italian epidemic. This is in agreement with reports from other 
      Western European Countries. In this context, the Italian HIV-1 epidemic is still 
      characterized by low subtype heterogeneity and represents a paradigmatic example 
      of the European situation. The continuous molecular evolution of the B subtype 
      HIV-1 isolates, characteristic of a long-lasting epidemic, together with the 
      introduction of new subtypes as well as recombinant forms may have significant 
      implications for diagnostic, treatment, and vaccine development. The study and 
      monitoring of the genetic evolution of the HIV-1 represent, therefore, an 
      essential strategy for controlling the local as well as global HIV-1 epidemic and 
      for developing efficient preventive and therapeutic strategies.
FAU - Buonaguro, Luigi
AU  - Buonaguro L
AD  - Lab of Viral Oncogenesis and Immunotherapy & AIDS Refer. Center, Ist. Naz. Tumori 
      Fond. G. Pascale, Naples, Italy. buonagur@umbi.umd.edu
FAU - Tagliamonte, Maria
AU  - Tagliamonte M
FAU - Tornesello, Maria Lina
AU  - Tornesello ML
FAU - Buonaguro, Franco M
AU  - Buonaguro FM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20070521
PL  - England
TA  - Retrovirology
JT  - Retrovirology
JID - 101216893
RN  - 0 (Codon)
RN  - EC 3.4.23.- (HIV Protease)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Substitution
MH  - Codon
MH  - Disease Outbreaks
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Genes, env
MH  - HIV Infections/classification/*epidemiology/*virology
MH  - HIV Protease/genetics
MH  - HIV-1/*genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Italy
MH  - *Molecular Epidemiology
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Phylogeny
PMC - PMC1892567
EDAT- 2007/05/23 09:00
MHDA- 2007/07/13 09:00
PMCR- 2007/05/21
CRDT- 2007/05/23 09:00
PHST- 2007/02/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2007/05/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2007/05/23 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/07/13 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/05/23 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2007/05/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1742-4690-4-34 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1742-4690-4-34 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Retrovirology. 2007 May 21;4:34. doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-4-34.