PMID- 17523988
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20071025
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0965-2140 (Print)
IS  - 0965-2140 (Linking)
VI  - 102
IP  - 6
DP  - 2007 Jun
TI  - Combined immunomodulating properties of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) 
      and cannabis in humans.
PG  - 931-6
AB  - AIMS: Cell-mediated immune function and the occurrence of mild infectious 
      diseases was investigated. Participants Polydrug consumers of 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and cannabis (n = 37) compared to 
      cannabis users only (n = 23) and control group (n = 34). DESIGN: A longitudinal 
      prospective study with three cross-sectional evaluations at time 0 and at 6 
      months and 1 year was performed. FINDINGS: At baseline, a significant decrease in 
      interleukin (IL)-2 and an increase in anti-inflammatory transforming growth 
      factor (TGF)-beta1, together with a decrease in the number of total lymphocytes, 
      CD4 and natural killer (NK) cells were observed in the MDMA-cannabis group, with 
      intermediate alterations in the cannabis group. Immune alterations observed at 
      baseline were sustained over time. No differences were found between regular and 
      occasional MDMA users. A significantly higher rate of mild infections in regular 
      MDMA-cannabis users compared with occasional MDMA-cannabis users and the 
      remaining groups was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The present data confirm that 
      long-term alterations in immunological homeostasis may result in general health 
      status impairment and subsequent increased susceptibility to infection and 
      immune-related disorders.
FAU - Pacifici, Roberta
AU  - Pacifici R
AD  - Dipartimento del Farmaco, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Zuccaro, Piergiorgio
AU  - Zuccaro P
FAU - Farre, Magi
AU  - Farre M
FAU - Poudevida, Sandra
AU  - Poudevida S
FAU - Abanades, Sergio
AU  - Abanades S
FAU - Pichini, Simona
AU  - Pichini S
FAU - Langohr, Klaus
AU  - Langohr K
FAU - Segura, Jordi
AU  - Segura J
FAU - de la Torre, Rafael
AU  - de la Torre R
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Addiction
JT  - Addiction (Abingdon, England)
JID - 9304118
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - 0 (Immunologic Factors)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-2)
RN  - 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta1)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cannabis/*adverse effects
MH  - Drug Interactions
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Hallucinogens/*adverse effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
MH  - Immunologic Factors/*adverse effects
MH  - Interleukin-2/blood
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Lymphocytes/drug effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Marijuana Abuse/immunology
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*adverse effects
MH  - Transforming Growth Factor beta1/blood
EDAT- 2007/05/26 09:00
MHDA- 2007/10/27 09:00
CRDT- 2007/05/26 09:00
PHST- 2007/05/26 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/10/27 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/05/26 09:00 [entrez]
AID - ADD1805 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01805.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Addiction. 2007 Jun;102(6):931-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01805.x.