PMID- 17526785
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20071010
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 0099-2240 (Print)
IS  - 1098-5336 (Electronic)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Linking)
VI  - 73
IP  - 15
DP  - 2007 Aug
TI  - In situ activity and spatial organization of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing 
      (anammox) bacteria in biofilms.
PG  - 4931-9
AB  - We investigated autotrophic anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) biofilms for 
      their spatial organization, community composition, and in situ activities by 
      using molecular biological techniques combined with microelectrodes. Results of 
      phylogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that 
      "Brocadia"-like anammox bacteria that hybridized with the Amx820 probe dominated, 
      with 60 to 92% of total bacteria in the upper part (<1,000 microm) of the 
      biofilm, where high anammox activity was mainly detected with microelectrodes. 
      The relative abundance of anammox bacteria decreased along the flow direction of 
      the reactor. FISH results also indicated that Nitrosomonas-, Nitrosospira-, and 
      Nitrosococcus-like aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and Nitrospira-like 
      nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) coexisted with anammox bacteria and accounted 
      for 13 to 21% of total bacteria in the biofilms. Microelectrode measurements at 
      three points along the anammox reactor revealed that the NH(4)(+) and NO(2)(-) 
      consumption rates decreased from 0.68 and 0.64 micromol cm(-2) h(-1) at P2 (the 
      second port, 170 mm from the inlet port) to 0.30 and 0.35 micromol cm(-2) h(-1) 
      at P3 (the third port, 205 mm from the inlet port), respectively. No anammox 
      activity was detected at P4 (the fourth port, 240 mm from the inlet port), even 
      though sufficient amounts of NH(4)(+) and NO(2)(-) and a high abundance of 
      anammox bacteria were still present. This result could be explained by the 
      inhibitory effect of organic compounds derived from biomass decay and/or produced 
      by anammox and coexisting bacteria in the upper parts of the biofilm and in the 
      upstream part of the reactor. The anammox activities in the biofilm determined by 
      microelectrodes reflected the overall reactor performance. The several groups of 
      aerobic AOB lineages, Nitrospira-like NOB, and Betaproteobacteria coexisting in 
      the anammox biofilm might consume a trace amount of O(2) or organic compounds, 
      which consequently established suitable microenvironments for anammox bacteria.
FAU - Kindaichi, Tomonori
AU  - Kindaichi T
AD  - Department of Social and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of 
      Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan.
FAU - Tsushima, Ikuo
AU  - Tsushima I
FAU - Ogasawara, Yuji
AU  - Ogasawara Y
FAU - Shimokawa, Masaki
AU  - Shimokawa M
FAU - Ozaki, Noriatsu
AU  - Ozaki N
FAU - Satoh, Hisashi
AU  - Satoh H
FAU - Okabe, Satoshi
AU  - Okabe S
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AB290144
SI  - GENBANK/AB290145
SI  - GENBANK/AB290146
SI  - GENBANK/AB290147
SI  - GENBANK/AB290148
SI  - GENBANK/AB302409
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20070525
PL  - United States
TA  - Appl Environ Microbiol
JT  - Applied and environmental microbiology
JID - 7605801
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anaerobiosis
MH  - Bacteria, Anaerobic/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Betaproteobacteria/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Biofilms/*growth & development
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/analysis
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Microscopy, Confocal
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/*metabolism
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
PMC - PMC1951037
EDAT- 2007/05/29 09:00
MHDA- 2007/10/11 09:00
PMCR- 2007/12/01
CRDT- 2007/05/29 09:00
PHST- 2007/05/29 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/10/11 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/05/29 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2007/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - AEM.00156-07 [pii]
AID - 0156-07 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/AEM.00156-07 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Aug;73(15):4931-9. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00156-07. Epub 
      2007 May 25.