PMID- 17539515
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070629
LR  - 20190715
IS  - 0013-936X (Print)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 41
IP  - 9
DP  - 2007 May 1
TI  - Occurrence of 2,4-dichlorophenol and of 2,4-dichloro-6-nitrophenol in the Rhone 
      River Delta (Southern France).
PG  - 3127-33
AB  - The compounds 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 2,4-dichloro-6-nitrophenol 
      (6-nitro-2,4-DCP) have been detected at microg L(-1) levels (10(-9)-10(-8) M) 
      during the summer season 2005 in the water of the Rhone river delta. Compound 
      2,4-DCP would mainly derive from the transformation of the herbicide dichlorprop, 
      heavily used in flooded rice farming (1400 kg in the delta region in 2005), in 
      addition to being an impurity of the commercial herbicide. Field data show a fast 
      concentration decrease of 2,4-DCP in the period June 21st to July 5th, 
      accompanied by a corresponding increase of 6-nitro-2,4-DCP. This could imply a 
      possible nitration process of 2,4-DCP into 6-nitro-2,4-DCP, with quite elevated 
      yield (33%). Nitration of 2,4-DCP can be induced by photoproduced *NO2, the 
      reaction kinetics (calculated in the presence of Fe(III) + nitrite under 
      irradiation as model system) being d[6-nitro-2,4-DCP]/dt = 650 [2,4-DCP] [*NO2]. 
      Interestingly, the yield of the process (38%) is similar to that suggested by 
      field data. An indirect assessment of [*NO2] in surface water in different sites 
      of the Rhone delta indicated that 2,4-DCP could be transformed into 
      6-nitro-2,4-DCP in a couple of weeks or less in the shallow water (10 cm depth) 
      of the rice fields, a time scale that is compatible with field data. 
      Photonitration of 2,4-DCP is thus a possible process to account for the 
      occurrence of 6-nitro-2,4-DCP in the Rhone delta.
FAU - Chiron, Serge
AU  - Chiron S
AD  - Laboratoire Chimie et Environnement, Universite de Provence, 3 place Victor Hugo, 
      13331 Marseille cedex 3, France.
FAU - Minero, Claudio
AU  - Minero C
FAU - Vione, Davide
AU  - Vione D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (2,4-dichloro-6-nitrophenol)
RN  - 0 (Chlorophenols)
RN  - 0 (Ferric Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Nitrites)
RN  - 0 (Nitrophenols)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 1K09F3G675 (ferric oxide)
RN  - R669TG1950 (2,4-dichlorophenol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chlorophenols/*analysis/chemistry/radiation effects
MH  - Ferric Compounds/chemistry
MH  - France
MH  - Nitrites/chemistry
MH  - Nitrophenols/*analysis/chemistry/radiation effects
MH  - Oryza
MH  - Photochemistry
MH  - Rivers
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis/chemistry/radiation effects
EDAT- 2007/06/02 09:00
MHDA- 2007/06/30 09:00
CRDT- 2007/06/02 09:00
PHST- 2007/06/02 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/06/30 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/06/02 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/es0626638 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2007 May 1;41(9):3127-33. doi: 10.1021/es0626638.