PMID- 17552440
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070709
LR  - 20190513
IS  - 0891-6640 (Print)
IS  - 0891-6640 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 3
DP  - 2007 May-Jun
TI  - Anticoagulant effects of low-molecular-weight heparins in healthy cats.
PG  - 378-87
AB  - BACKGROUND: Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) has potential benefit in cats at 
      risk for thromboembolic disease. However, LMWH pharmacokinetics has not been 
      characterized in the cat. Drug effect with LMWH may be evaluated with analysis of 
      factor Xa inhibition (anti-Xa) or thromboelastography (TEG). HYPOTHESIS: 
      Administration of LMWH at previously recommended dosages and schedules to healthy 
      cats will result in inhibition of factor Xa and hypocoagulable TEG. ANIMALS: In 
      vivo research with heparin was performed in 5 purpose-bred cats. METHODS: In a 
      prospective study with randomized crossover design, heparin or placebo was 
      administered. Treatments were unfractionated heparin (UFH), 250 IU/kg q6h; 
      dalteparin, 100 IU/kg q12h; enoxaparin, 1 mg/kg q12h; or 0.9% saline, 0.25 mL/kg 
      q6h. Each drug was administered for 5 consecutive days followed by a minimum 
      washout of 14 days. Baseline and post-treatment analyses included anti-Xa, TEG, 
      and prothrombin time/activated partial thromboplastin time. RESULTS: Mean anti-Xa 
      activity 4 hours after enoxaparin (0.48 U/mL) approached the human therapeutic 
      target (0.5-1.0 U/mL); however, mean trough anti-Xa activity was below detection 
      limits. Mean anti-Xa activity 4 hours after dalteparin was lower, and only 1 cat 
      attained therapeutic target at a single time point. Cats receiving UFH attained 
      target anti-Xa activity and changes in TEG at trough and 4 hours. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Cats have rapid absorption and elimination kinetics with LMWH therapy. On the 
      basis of pharmacokinetic modeling, cats will require higher dosages and more 
      frequent administration of LMWH to achieve human therapeutic anti-factor Xa 
      activity of 0.5-1 U/mL. Peak anti-Xa activity is predicted at 2 hours after 
      administration of LMWH.
FAU - Alwood, Amy J
AU  - Alwood AJ
AD  - Department of Clinical Studies Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, 
      University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. alwood@avets.us
FAU - Downend, Amanda B
AU  - Downend AB
FAU - Brooks, Marjory B
AU  - Brooks MB
FAU - Slensky, Kimberly A
AU  - Slensky KA
FAU - Fox, Julia A
AU  - Fox JA
FAU - Simpson, Stephen A
AU  - Simpson SA
FAU - Waddell, Lori S
AU  - Waddell LS
FAU - Baumgardner, James E
AU  - Baumgardner JE
FAU - Otto, Cynthia M
AU  - Otto CM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Vet Intern Med
JT  - Journal of veterinary internal medicine
JID - 8708660
RN  - 0 (Anticoagulants)
RN  - 0 (Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight)
RN  - 9000-94-6 (Antithrombin III)
RN  - EC 3.4.21.6 (Factor Xa)
SB  - IM
MH  - Absorption
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anticoagulants/*pharmacokinetics
MH  - Antithrombin III/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Cats/blood/*metabolism
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - *Factor Xa/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/*pharmacokinetics
MH  - Partial Thromboplastin Time/veterinary
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Prothrombin Time/veterinary
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Thrombelastography/methods/*veterinary
EDAT- 2007/06/08 09:00
MHDA- 2007/07/10 09:00
CRDT- 2007/06/08 09:00
PHST- 2007/06/08 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/07/10 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/06/08 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[378:aeolhi]2.0.co;2 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Vet Intern Med. 2007 May-Jun;21(3):378-87. doi: 
      10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[378:aeolhi]2.0.co;2.