PMID- 17565115
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070817
LR  - 20081121
IS  - 0006-3185 (Print)
IS  - 0006-3185 (Linking)
VI  - 212
IP  - 3
DP  - 2007 Jun
TI  - Molecular quantification of symbiotic dinoflagellate algae of the genus 
      Symbiodinium.
PG  - 259-68
AB  - The dinoflagellate microalga Symbiodinium is the dominant algal symbiont in 
      corals and related marine animals. To explore the incidence of mixed infections, 
      methods employing real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) and 
      fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were developed. In experiments focusing 
      on Symbiodinium clades A and B, QPCR and FISH results were well correlated and 
      generally more precise and sensitive than those from the endpoint PCR-restriction 
      fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) traditionally used for this 
      application, thus increasing the detected incidence of mixed infections. For 
      example, the prevalence of mixed infections in the sea anemone Condylactis 
      gigantea was 40% by PCR-RFLP and 80%-90% by QPCR and FISH. However, the use of 
      QPCR and FISH was limited by inter-host variation in the rRNA gene copy number 
      per Symbiodinium cell, precluding any single conversion factor between QPCR 
      signal and Symbiodinium cell number; and one FISH probe that gave excellent 
      hybridization efficiency with cultured Symbiodinium yielded variable results with 
      Symbiodinium from symbioses. After controlling for these caveats, QPCR studies 
      revealed that field-collected hosts previously described as universally unialgal 
      bore up to 1.6% of the alternative clade. Further research is required to 
      establish the contribution that algal cells at low density in symbiosis and 
      external to the symbiosis make to the minor clade.
FAU - Loram, Jeannette E
AU  - Loram JE
AD  - Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5YW, UK.
FAU - Boonham, Neil
AU  - Boonham N
FAU - O'Toole, Peter
AU  - O'Toole P
FAU - Trapido-Rosenthal, Henry G
AU  - Trapido-Rosenthal HG
FAU - Douglas, Angela E
AU  - Douglas AE
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Biol Bull
JT  - The Biological bulletin
JID - 2984727R
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Dinoflagellida/*classification/genetics/physiology
MH  - Genetic Variation
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
MH  - Sea Anemones/physiology
MH  - Symbiosis
EDAT- 2007/06/15 09:00
MHDA- 2007/08/19 09:00
CRDT- 2007/06/15 09:00
PHST- 2007/06/15 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/08/19 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/06/15 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 212/3/259 [pii]
AID - 10.2307/25066608 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biol Bull. 2007 Jun;212(3):259-68. doi: 10.2307/25066608.