PMID- 17587647
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20071016
LR  - 20071115
IS  - 0300-2977 (Print)
IS  - 0300-2977 (Linking)
VI  - 65
IP  - 6
DP  - 2007 Jun
TI  - Risk calculation for hyperkalaemia in heart failure patients.
PG  - 208-11
AB  - BACKGROUND: We aimed to develop a model to estimate the risk of hyperkalaemia in 
      patients treated for heart failure in a tertiary reference hospital and to 
      identify precipitating factors. METHODS: 125 congestive heart failure (CHF) 
      patients were studied retrospectively. Thirty of these patients developed 
      episodes of hyperkalaemia (K>or=5.5 mmol/l). Both groups were compared for 
      possible risk factors for hyperkalaemia (age, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 
      New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, diabetes mellitus (DM), ejection 
      fraction and medication use (ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, 
      aldosterone antagonists). RESULTS: On multivariate logistic regression analysis 
      DM (OR 2.9, 95% CI=1.05 to 8.3, p=0.041), GFR<45 ml/min (OR 4.1, 95% CI=1.6 to 
      10.5. p=0.004) and NYHA class III-IV (OR 2.4, 95% CI=0.9 to 6.3, p=0.086) were 
      independently associated with hyperkalaemia, whereas age, ejection fraction and 
      medication sort and dose were not. Of the episodes of hyperkalaemia, 38% were 
      precipitated by periods of dehydration (diarrhoea, fever) or change of 
      medication. CONCLUSION: We identified kidney function, diabetes mellitus and 
      heart failure class as independent risk factors of hyperkalaemia. The majority of 
      the hyperkalaemic episodes develop without a precipitating factor. This implies 
      that heart failure patients in a tertiary reference hospital should be very 
      closely monitored to minimize the risk for hyperkalaemia.
FAU - Vereijken, T L J
AU  - Vereijken TL
AD  - Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical 
      Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
FAU - Bellersen, L
AU  - Bellersen L
FAU - Groenewoud, J M M
AU  - Groenewoud JM
FAU - Knubben, L
AU  - Knubben L
FAU - Baltussen, L
AU  - Baltussen L
FAU - Kramers, C
AU  - Kramers C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Neth J Med
JT  - The Netherlands journal of medicine
JID - 0356133
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Diabetes Complications/physiopathology
MH  - Episode of Care
MH  - Female
MH  - Heart Failure/*complications/physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hyperkalemia/*etiology/physiopathology
MH  - Kidney Diseases/complications/physiopathology
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Risk Factors
EDAT- 2007/06/26 09:00
MHDA- 2007/10/17 09:00
CRDT- 2007/06/26 09:00
PHST- 2007/06/26 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/10/17 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/06/26 09:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neth J Med. 2007 Jun;65(6):208-11.