PMID- 17590272
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080325
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1872-6623 (Electronic)
IS  - 0304-3959 (Print)
IS  - 0304-3959 (Linking)
VI  - 135
IP  - 1-2
DP  - 2008 Mar
TI  - Characterization of a model of persistent postoperative pain evoked by 
      skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR).
PG  - 119-30
AB  - Various surgical procedures, e.g. thoracotomy and inguinal hernia repair, 
      frequently evoke persistent pain lasting for many months following the initial 
      surgery. The essential prolonged tissue retraction required during such surgeries 
      may account for the persistence and high incidence of postoperative pain in these 
      patient populations. This study describes a new rat model of persistent 
      postoperative pain evoked by skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR), akin to 
      a clinical procedure. Under anaesthesia, skin and superficial muscle of the 
      medial thigh were incised and a small pair of retractors inserted. This tissue 
      was retracted for 1h causing potential stretch of the saphenous nerve. SMIR 
      surgery evoked persistent significant mechanical hypersensitivity to von Frey 
      stimulation of the plantar ipsilateral hindpaw, compared to either pre-surgery 
      responses or concurrent responses of sham-operated rats. SMIR-evoked mechanical 
      hypersensitivity was observed by postoperative day 3, most prominent between 
      postoperative days 10 and 13, persisted until at least postoperative day 22 and 
      had dissipated by postoperative day 32. Overall, mechanical sensitivity of the 
      SMIR contralateral paw and the sham ipsilateral paw did not significantly change 
      from pre-surgery responses. SMIR did not evoke significant heat hyperalgesia or 
      cold allodynia. Light microscopy of saphenous nerve sections did not show 
      degeneration or oedema in the saphenous nerve at, or proximally or distally to, 
      the surgical site. In addition, very little to no degeneration was detected with 
      ATF3 staining in DRG from SMIR-operated rats. These data suggest that prolonged 
      retraction of superficial tissue evokes a persistent pain syndrome that is not 
      driven by neuronal damage.
FAU - Flatters, Sarah J L
AU  - Flatters SJ
AD  - Pain Research Center - MRB611, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and 
      Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis 
      Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. sflatters@zeus.bwh.harvard.edu
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 CA080153/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 CA080153-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R56 CA080153/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20070621
PL  - United States
TA  - Pain
JT  - Pain
JID - 7508686
RN  - 0 (Activating Transcription Factor 3)
RN  - 0 (Atf3 protein, rat)
SB  - IM
MH  - Activating Transcription Factor 3/metabolism
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Hyperalgesia/physiopathology
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/*injuries/innervation
MH  - Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/pathology
MH  - Pain Measurement/methods
MH  - Pain Threshold/*physiology
MH  - Pain, Postoperative/etiology/pathology/*physiopathology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Skin/*injuries/innervation
MH  - Time Factors
PMC - PMC2278124
MID - NIHMS41020
EDAT- 2007/06/26 09:00
MHDA- 2008/03/26 09:00
PMCR- 2009/03/01
CRDT- 2007/06/26 09:00
PHST- 2007/03/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2007/05/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2007/05/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2007/06/26 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/03/26 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/06/26 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0304-3959(07)00269-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.pain.2007.05.013 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pain. 2008 Mar;135(1-2):119-30. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.05.013. Epub 2007 Jun 
      21.