PMID- 17612154
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070803
LR  - 20190715
IS  - 0013-936X (Print)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 41
IP  - 11
DP  - 2007 Jun 1
TI  - Synthetic musk fragrances in human milk from the United States.
PG  - 3815-20
AB  - Synthetic musk compounds are used as additives in many consumer products, 
      including perfumes, deodorants, and detergents. Earlier studies have reported the 
      occurrence of synthetic musks in environmental and wildlife samples collected in 
      the United States. In this study, human breast milk samples collected from 
      Massachusetts, were analyzed for the determination of concentrations of synthetic 
      musks such as musk xylene (1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene), musk 
      ketone (4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dinitroacetophenone), HHCB 
      (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[gamma]-2-benzopyran), 
      AHTN (7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene), and 
      HHCB-lactone, the oxidation product of HHCB. In addition, we estimated the daily 
      intake of synthetic musks by infants based on the ingestion rate of breast milk. 
      Synthetic musks were found in most of the samples analyzed, and the 
      concentrations ranged from < 2 to 150 ng musk xylene/g, < 2 to 238 ng musk 
      ketone/ g, < 5 to 917 ng HHCB/g, < 5 to 144 ng AHTN/g, and < 10 to 88.0 ng 
      HHCB-lactone/g, on a lipid weight basis. The concentrations of HHCB were higher 
      than the concentrations of other synthetic musks in breast milk samples. The mean 
      concentration of HHCB (220 ng/g, lipid weight) was 5 times greater than the 
      concentrations reported 10 years ago for breast milk samples collected in Germany 
      and Denmark. Maternal age was not correlated with the concentrations of musk 
      xylene, musk ketone, HHCB, or AHTN. There was a trend of decreasing 
      concentrations of musk xylene, musk ketone, HHCB, and AHTN, with the number of 
      children previously breast-fed, although the correlation was not significant. 
      Based on average daily ingestion rate of breast milk, an infant is estimated to 
      ingest 297 +/- 229 ng musk xylene, 780 +/- 805 ng musk ketone, 1830 +/- 1170 ng 
      HHCB, 565 +/- 614 ng AHTN, and 649 +/- 598 ng HHCB-lactone per day. The ingestion 
      rate of synthetic musks by infants in the United States is lower than that 
      estimated for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated 
      biphenyls (PCBs). Based on the residue patterns and accumulation features, it can 
      be concluded that the exposure characteristics for synthetic musks are different 
      from those of POPs, and that the major source of exposure to synthetic musks is 
      probably via dermal absorption or inhalation.
FAU - Reiner, Jessica L
AU  - Reiner JL
AD  - Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of 
      Environmental Health Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Empire 
      State Plaza, PO Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, USA.
FAU - Wong, Chung M
AU  - Wong CM
FAU - Arcaro, Kathleen F
AU  - Arcaro KF
FAU - Kannan, Kurunthachalam
AU  - Kannan K
LA  - eng
GR  - U59/CCU223392/CC/ODCDC CDC HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Benzopyrans)
RN  - 0 (Perfume)
RN  - 0 (Polycyclic Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Tetrahydronaphthalenes)
RN  - 0 (Xylenes)
RN  - 14170060AT (galaxolide)
RN  - 1ZAO16GU5K (musk xylene)
RN  - 21145-77-7 (acetyl methyl tetramethyl tetralin)
RN  - 483V3E1L6J (musk ketone)
SB  - IM
CIN - Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Jun 1;41(11):3793-4. PMID: 17612150
MH  - Adult
MH  - Benzopyrans/analysis
MH  - Environmental Exposure/analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Massachusetts
MH  - Milk, Human/*chemistry
MH  - Perfume/*analysis
MH  - Polycyclic Compounds/*analysis
MH  - Tetrahydronaphthalenes/analysis
MH  - United States
MH  - Xylenes/analysis
EDAT- 2007/07/07 09:00
MHDA- 2007/08/04 09:00
CRDT- 2007/07/07 09:00
PHST- 2007/07/07 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/08/04 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/07/07 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/es063088a [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Jun 1;41(11):3815-20. doi: 10.1021/es063088a.