PMID- 17627117
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070829
LR  - 20220224
IS  - 1422-6421 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-6405 (Linking)
VI  - 186
IP  - 1
DP  - 2007
TI  - The origin and evolution of enamel mineralization genes.
PG  - 25-48
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Enamel and enameloid were identified in early jawless 
      vertebrates, about 500 million years ago (MYA). This suggests that enamel matrix 
      proteins (EMPs) have at least the same age. We review the current data on the 
      origin, evolution and relationships of enamel mineralization genes. METHODS AND 
      RESULTS: Three EMPs are secreted by ameloblasts during enamel formation: 
      amelogenin (AMEL), ameloblastin (AMBN) and enamelin (ENAM). Recently, two new 
      genes, amelotin (AMTN) and odontogenic ameloblast associated (ODAM), were found 
      to be expressed by ameloblasts during maturation, increasing the group of 
      ameloblast-secreted proteins to five members. The evolutionary analysis of these 
      five genes indicates that they are related: AMEL is derived from AMBN, AMTN and 
      ODAM are sister genes, and all are derived from ENAM. Using molecular dating, we 
      showed that AMBN/AMEL duplication occurred >600 MYA. The large sequence dataset 
      available for mammals and reptiles was used to study AMEL evolution. In the N- 
      and C-terminal regions, numerous residues were unchanged during >200 million 
      years, suggesting that they are important for the proper function of the protein. 
      CONCLUSION: The evolutionary analysis of AMEL led to propose a dataset that will 
      be useful to validate AMEL mutations leading to X- linked AI.
CI  - Copyright 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.
FAU - Sire, Jean-Yves
AU  - Sire JY
AD  - UMR 7138, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France. 
      sire@ccr.jussieu.fr
FAU - Davit-Beal, Tiphaine
AU  - Davit-Beal T
FAU - Delgado, Sidney
AU  - Delgado S
FAU - Gu, Xun
AU  - Gu X
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Cells Tissues Organs
JT  - Cells, tissues, organs
JID - 100883360
RN  - 0 (AMBN protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Amelogenin)
RN  - 0 (Dental Enamel Proteins)
RN  - 0 (tuftelin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amelogenin/classification/genetics/physiology
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chromosome Mapping
MH  - Dental Enamel/*growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Dental Enamel Proteins/classification/genetics/*physiology
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Gene Duplication
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Sequence Analysis, Protein
MH  - Tooth Calcification/*genetics
EDAT- 2007/07/14 09:00
MHDA- 2007/08/30 09:00
CRDT- 2007/07/14 09:00
PHST- 2007/07/14 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/08/30 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/07/14 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 000102679 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000102679 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cells Tissues Organs. 2007;186(1):25-48. doi: 10.1159/000102679.