PMID- 17640905
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070910
LR  - 20220129
IS  - 0027-8424 (Print)
IS  - 1091-6490 (Electronic)
IS  - 0027-8424 (Linking)
VI  - 104
IP  - 30
DP  - 2007 Jul 24
TI  - Human Th2 cells selectively express the orexigenic peptide, 
      pro-melanin-concentrating hormone.
PG  - 12440-4
AB  - Th1 and Th2 cells represent the two main functional subsets of CD4(+) T helper 
      cell, and are defined by their cytokine expression. Human Th1 cells express 
      IFNgamma, whilst Th2 cells express IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Th1 and Th2 cells have 
      distinct immunological functions, and can drive different immunopathologies. 
      Here, we show that in vitro-differentiated human Th2 cells highly selectively 
      express the gene for pro-melanin-concentrating hormone (PMCH), using real-time 
      RT-PCR, enzyme immunoassay, and Western blot analysis. PMCH encodes the 
      prohormone, promelanin-concentrating hormone (PMCH), which is proteolytically 
      processed to produce several peptides, including the orexigenic hormone 
      melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH). PMCH expression by Th2 cells was activation 
      responsive and increased throughout the 28-day differentiation in parallel with 
      the expression of the Th2 cytokine genes. MCH immunoreactivity was detected in 
      the differentiated Th2 but not Th1 cell culture supernatants after activation, 
      and contained the entire PMCH protein, in addition to several smaller peptides. 
      Human Th1 and Th2 cells were isolated by their expression of IFNgamma and CRTH2, 
      respectively, and the ex vivo Th2 cells expressed PMCH upon activation, in 
      contrast to the Th1 cells. Because Th2 cells are central to the pathogenesis of 
      allergic diseases including asthma, expression of PMCH by activated Th2 cells in 
      vivo may directly link allergic inflammation to energy homeostasis and may 
      contribute to the association between asthma and obesity.
FAU - Sandig, Hilary
AU  - Sandig H
AD  - Medical Research Council--Asthma U.K. Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma and 
      Genomics Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
FAU - McDonald, Joanne
AU  - McDonald J
FAU - Gilmour, Jane
AU  - Gilmour J
FAU - Arno, Matthew
AU  - Arno M
FAU - Lee, Tak H
AU  - Lee TH
FAU - Cousins, David J
AU  - Cousins DJ
LA  - eng
GR  - G9536930/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20070718
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JT  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JID - 7505876
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Hypothalamic Hormones)
RN  - 0 (Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Neuropeptides)
RN  - 0 (Orexins)
RN  - 0 (Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Protein Precursors)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 125805-24-5 (melanin-concentrating hormone precursors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cell Differentiation
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Cytokines/metabolism
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypothalamic Hormones/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
MH  - Neuropeptides/*biosynthesis
MH  - Orexins
MH  - Peptides/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Protein Precursors/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - RNA, Messenger
MH  - Th1 Cells/metabolism
MH  - Th2 Cells/cytology/*metabolism
PMC - PMC1941487
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2007/07/21 09:00
MHDA- 2007/09/11 09:00
PMCR- 2008/01/24
CRDT- 2007/07/21 09:00
PHST- 2007/07/21 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/09/11 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/07/21 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2008/01/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 0705457104 [pii]
AID - 7104 [pii]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.0705457104 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 24;104(30):12440-4. doi: 
      10.1073/pnas.0705457104. Epub 2007 Jul 18.