PMID- 17665159
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090511
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1432-1440 (Electronic)
IS  - 0946-2716 (Linking)
VI  - 86
IP  - 1
DP  - 2008 Jan
TI  - VMAT2 gene expression and function as it applies to imaging beta-cell mass.
PG  - 5-16
AB  - Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The two 
      main forms of the disease are distinguished by different pathogenesis, natural 
      histories, and population distributions and indicated as either type 1 (T1DM) or 
      type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is well established that T1DM is an 
      autoimmune disease whereby beta-cells of pancreatic islets are destroyed leading 
      to loss of endogenous insulin production. Albeit less dramatic, beta-cell mass 
      (BCM) also drops in T2DM. Therefore, it is realistic to expect that noninvasive 
      measures of BCM might provide useful information in the diabetes-care field. 
      Preclinical studies have demonstrated that BCM measurements by positron emission 
      tomography scanning, using the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) as 
      a tissue-specific surrogate marker of insulin production and [11C] 
      Dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ) as the radioligand specific for this molecule, is 
      feasible in animal models. Unfortunately, the mechanisms underlying 
      beta-cell-specific expression of VMAT2 are still largely unexplored, and a much 
      better understanding of the regulation of VMAT2 gene expression and of its 
      function in beta-cells will be required before the full utility of this technique 
      in the prediction and treatment of individuals with diabetes can be understood. 
      In this review, we summarize much of what is understood about the regulation of 
      VMAT2 and identify questions whose answers may help in understanding what 
      measurements of VMAT2 density mean in the context of diabetes.
FAU - Harris, Paul E
AU  - Harris PE
AD  - Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, 
      Italy. peh1@columbia.edu
FAU - Ferrara, Caterina
AU  - Ferrara C
FAU - Barba, Pasquale
AU  - Barba P
FAU - Polito, Teresa
AU  - Polito T
FAU - Freeby, Matthew
AU  - Freeby M
FAU - Maffei, Antonella
AU  - Maffei A
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DK063567/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DK077493/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - 1R01-DK077493-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - 2 R01 DK63567-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20070731
PL  - Germany
TA  - J Mol Med (Berl)
JT  - Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)
JID - 9504370
RN  - 0 (Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus/pathology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin-Secreting Cells/*chemistry/pathology
MH  - Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins/*genetics
RF  - 131
EDAT- 2007/08/01 09:00
MHDA- 2009/05/12 09:00
CRDT- 2007/08/01 09:00
PHST- 2007/04/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2007/06/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2007/06/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2007/08/01 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/05/12 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/08/01 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00109-007-0242-x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Mol Med (Berl). 2008 Jan;86(1):5-16. doi: 10.1007/s00109-007-0242-x. Epub 2007 
      Jul 31.