PMID- 17665966
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20071113
LR  - 20181201
IS  - 1523-0864 (Print)
IS  - 1523-0864 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 10
DP  - 2007 Oct
TI  - High glucose and ketosis (acetoacetate) increases, and chromium niacinate 
      decreases, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion and oxidative stress in U937 
      monocytes.
PG  - 1581-90
AB  - Elevated blood levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), 
      interleukin-8 (IL-8), and MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) increase 
      insulin resistance and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is no 
      previous study that has examined the effect of ketosis and trivalent chromium on 
      IL-6, IL-8, or MCP-1 secretion in any cell type or in human or animal model. The 
      authors examined the hypothesis that ketosis increases and trivalent chromium 
      decreases the levels of cytokines and oxidative stress in diabetes using a U937 
      monocyte cell culture model. Cells were cultured with control, high glucose (HG), 
      and acetoacetate (AA) in the absence or presence (0.5-10 microM) of CrCl(3), 
      chromium picolinate (Cr-P), or chromium niacinate (Cr-N) at 37 degrees C for 24 
      h. The data show a significant stimulation of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion and 
      an increase in oxidative stress in cells treated with HG or AA. The effect of HG 
      on cytokine secretion was reduced by Cr-N, and to a lesser extent by CrCl(3) and 
      Cr-P. The effect of HG on oxidative stress was reduced by Cr-N and CrCl 3, but 
      not by Cr-P. Similarly, Cr-N decreased the cytokine secretion in HG + AA-treated 
      cells. Cr-N significantly decreased standard oxidant (H(2)O(2)) induced cytokine 
      secretion, which suggests that reduction of cytokine secretion by Cr-N is in part 
      mediated by its antioxidative effect. In a cell culture model, Cr-N appears to be 
      the most effective form of chromium in inhibiting oxidative stress and 
      proinflammatory cytokine secretion by monocytes. This study suggests that 
      chromium niacinate supplementation may be useful in reducing vascular 
      inflammation and the risk of CVD in diabetes.
FAU - Jain, Sushil K
AU  - Jain SK
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 
      Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, USA. sjain@lsuhsc.edu
FAU - Rains, Justin L
AU  - Rains JL
FAU - Croad, Jennifer L
AU  - Croad JL
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DK064797/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - United States
TA  - Antioxid Redox Signal
JT  - Antioxidants & redox signaling
JID - 100888899
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0R0008Q3JB (Chromium)
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chromium/*pharmacology
MH  - Cytokines/*metabolism
MH  - Glucose/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Ketosis/*metabolism
MH  - Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
MH  - *Oxidative Stress
MH  - U937 Cells
EDAT- 2007/08/02 09:00
MHDA- 2007/11/14 09:00
CRDT- 2007/08/02 09:00
PHST- 2007/08/02 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/11/14 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/08/02 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1089/ars.2007.1577 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antioxid Redox Signal. 2007 Oct;9(10):1581-90. doi: 10.1089/ars.2007.1577.