PMID- 17727988
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080129
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 0167-8140 (Print)
IS  - 0167-8140 (Linking)
VI  - 84
IP  - 3
DP  - 2007 Sep
TI  - Defining internal target volume (ITV) for hepatocellular carcinoma using 
      four-dimensional CT.
PG  - 272-8
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To define individualized internal target volume (ITV) for 
      hepatocellular carcinoma using four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT). 
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gross tumor volumes (GTVs) and clinical target volumes 
      (CTVs) were contoured on all 10 respiratory phases of 4DCT scans in 10 patients 
      with hepatocellular carcinoma. The 3D and 4D treatment plans were performed for 
      each patient using two different planning target volumes (PTVs): (1) PTV(3D) was 
      derived from a single CTV plus conventional margins; (2) PTV(4D) was derived from 
      ITV(4D), which encompassed all 10 CTVs plus setup margins (SMs). The volumes of 
      PTVs and dose distribution were compared between the two plans. RESULTS: The 
      average PTV volume of the 4D plans (328.4+/-152.2cm(3)) was less than 3D plans 
      (407.0+/-165.6cm(3)). The 4D plans spared more surrounding normal tissues than 3D 
      plans, especially normal liver. Compared with 3D plans, the mean dose to normal 
      liver (MDTNL) decreased from 22.7 to 20.3Gy. Without increasing the normal tissue 
      complication probability (NTCP), the 4D plans allowed for increasing the 
      calculated dose from 50.4+/-1.3 to 54.2+/-2.6Gy, an average increase of 7.5% 
      (range 4.0-16.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The conventional 3D plans can result in geometric 
      miss and include excess normal tissues. The 4DCT-based plans can reduce the 
      target volumes to spare more normal tissues and allow dose escalation compared 
      with 3D plans.
FAU - Xi, Mian
AU  - Xi M
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 
      Guangzhou, China.
FAU - Liu, Meng-Zhong
AU  - Liu MZ
FAU - Deng, Xiao-Wu
AU  - Deng XW
FAU - Zhang, Li
AU  - Zhang L
FAU - Huang, Xiao-Yan
AU  - Huang XY
FAU - Liu, Hui
AU  - Liu H
FAU - Li, Qiao-Qiao
AU  - Li QQ
FAU - Hu, Yong-Hong
AU  - Hu YH
FAU - Cai, Ling
AU  - Cai L
FAU - Cui, Nian-Ji
AU  - Cui NJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20070828
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Radiother Oncol
JT  - Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic 
      Radiology and Oncology
JID - 8407192
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*radiotherapy
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Liver Neoplasms/*radiotherapy
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/*methods
MH  - Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods
EDAT- 2007/08/31 09:00
MHDA- 2008/01/30 09:00
CRDT- 2007/08/31 09:00
PHST- 2007/04/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2007/07/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2007/07/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2007/08/31 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/01/30 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/08/31 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0167-8140(07)00359-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.radonc.2007.07.021 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Radiother Oncol. 2007 Sep;84(3):272-8. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2007.07.021. Epub 
      2007 Aug 28.