PMID- 17763864
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080430
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 0009-5915 (Print)
IS  - 0009-5915 (Linking)
VI  - 117
IP  - 1
DP  - 2008 Feb
TI  - Triplex configuration in the nick-free DNAs that constitute the chromosomal 
      scaffolds in grasshopper spermatids.
PG  - 15-24
AB  - After applying proper deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probes, fluorescence in situ 
      hybridization (FISH) showed that the 8/9 centromeres-one per chromatid of the 
      male haploid complement (X0) of Pyrgomorpha conica grasshopper-colocalized at the 
      spermatid blunt end, where the spermatozoa flagellum inserts. A bundle of aligned 
      4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-positive chromatid scaffolds, which formed the 
      central spermatid core, was observed after DNA breakage detection followed by 
      FISH. Modular nature of scaffold DNA was occasionally evident. The technique also 
      showed that in the early spermatid, the chromatid scaffolds lacked any DNA nick, 
      whereas abundant breaks accumulated in the surrounding loops. Moreover, 
      immunodetection showed that scaffold DNA participated in the formation of triplex 
      DNA, while this configuration was absent from the loops. During spermatid 
      maturation, triplex DNA disappeared from the scaffold in parallel with loop 
      retraction, while protamines replace histones. Thus, the presence of triplex DNA 
      in the chromatid scaffold correlates with the anchoring of expanded DNA loops to 
      it. After loop retraction, the scaffolds of all chromatids coiled as a single 
      unit in the spermatid head. This cooperative coiling produced enlargement and 
      tilting of the distal telomeric signals, which were distributed along the 
      spermatid head according to the length of each chromosome. We propose that 
      specific DNA sequences dispersed throughout the whole chromatid fold forward and 
      backward coaxially to chromatid length, forming individual scaffold modules whose 
      linear assembly accounts for the minimum length of each individual chromatid. 
      Finally, the core of the grasshopper male spermatid should be considered as a 
      single chromosome in which the DNA scaffolds of the whole set of the 
      nonhomologous chromosomes of the haploid complement are interconnected. This 
      pattern of chromatin organization applies probably to other elongated spermatids.
FAU - Cerna, Adriana
AU  - Cerna A
AD  - Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, Madrid, 8040, 
      Spain.
FAU - Lopez-Fernandez, Carmen
AU  - Lopez-Fernandez C
FAU - Fernandez, Jose Luis
AU  - Fernandez JL
FAU - Moreno Diaz de la Espina, Susana
AU  - Moreno Diaz de la Espina S
FAU - de la Torre, Consuelo
AU  - de la Torre C
FAU - Gosalvez, Jaime
AU  - Gosalvez J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20070901
PL  - Austria
TA  - Chromosoma
JT  - Chromosoma
JID - 2985138R
RN  - 0 (Chromatin)
RN  - 0 (Protamines)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Centromere
MH  - Chromatin/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Chromosome Breakage
MH  - Chromosomes/*genetics
MH  - DNA/*genetics
MH  - DNA Damage
MH  - Fluorescent Antibody Technique
MH  - Grasshoppers/*genetics
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Male
MH  - Nuclear Matrix/*genetics
MH  - Protamines
MH  - Spermatids/*growth & development
MH  - Spermatogenesis
MH  - Spermatozoa/cytology/physiology
MH  - Telomere
EDAT- 2007/09/04 09:00
MHDA- 2008/05/01 09:00
CRDT- 2007/09/04 09:00
PHST- 2007/06/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2007/08/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2007/08/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2007/09/04 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/05/01 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/09/04 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00412-007-0121-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chromosoma. 2008 Feb;117(1):15-24. doi: 10.1007/s00412-007-0121-9. Epub 2007 Sep 
      1.