PMID- 17854858
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080414
LR  - 20161124
IS  - 0045-6535 (Print)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 70
IP  - 7
DP  - 2008 Jan
TI  - Perfluorinated acids as novel chemical tracers of global circulation of ocean 
      waters.
PG  - 1247-55
AB  - Perfluorinated acids (PFAs) such as perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and 
      perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are global environmental contaminants. The 
      physicochemical properties of PFAs are unique in that they have high water 
      solubilities despite the low reactivity of carbon-fluorine bond, which also 
      imparts high stability in the environment. Because of the high water 
      solubilities, the open-ocean water column is suggested to be the final sink for 
      PFOS and PFOA. However, little is known on the distribution of PFAs in the oceans 
      around the world. Here we describe the horizontal (spatial) and vertical 
      distribution of PFAs in ocean waters worldwide. PFOS and PFOA concentrations in 
      the North Atlantic Ocean ranged from 8.6 to 36pg l(-1) and from 52 to 338pg 
      l(-1), respectively, whereas the corresponding concentrations in the Mid Atlantic 
      Ocean were 13-73pg l(-1) and 67-439pg l(-1). These were completely different from 
      the surface waters of the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean (overall range 
      of <5-11pg l(-1) for PFOS and PFOA). Vertical profiles of PFAs in the marine 
      water column were associated with the global ocean circulation theory. Vertical 
      profiles of PFAs in water columns from the Labrador Sea reflected the influx of 
      the North Atlantic Current in surface waters, the Labrador Current in subsurface 
      waters, and the Denmark Strait Overflow Water in deep layers below 2000m. 
      Striking differences in the vertical and spatial distribution of PFAs, depending 
      on the oceans, suggest that these persistent acids can serve as useful chemical 
      tracers to allow us to study oceanic transportation by major water currents. The 
      results provide evidence that PFA concentrations and profiles in the oceans 
      adhere to a pattern consistent with the global "Broecker's Conveyor Belt" theory 
      of open ocean water circulation.
FAU - Yamashita, Nobuyoshi
AU  - Yamashita N
AD  - National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, 
      Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan. nob.yamashita@asit.go.jp
FAU - Taniyasu, Sachi
AU  - Taniyasu S
FAU - Petrick, Gert
AU  - Petrick G
FAU - Wei, Si
AU  - Wei S
FAU - Gamo, Toshitaka
AU  - Gamo T
FAU - Lam, Paul K S
AU  - Lam PK
FAU - Kannan, Kurunthachalam
AU  - Kannan K
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20070912
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Alkanesulfonic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Caprylates)
RN  - 0 (Fluorocarbons)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 947VD76D3L (perfluorooctanoic acid)
RN  - 9H2MAI21CL (perfluorooctane sulfonic acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alkanesulfonic Acids/*analysis
MH  - Caprylates/*analysis
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Fluorocarbons/*analysis
MH  - Seawater/*analysis
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
EDAT- 2007/09/15 09:00
MHDA- 2008/04/15 09:00
CRDT- 2007/09/15 09:00
PHST- 2007/05/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2007/07/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2007/07/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2007/09/15 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/04/15 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/09/15 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0045-6535(07)00971-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.07.079 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2008 Jan;70(7):1247-55. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.07.079. Epub 
      2007 Sep 12.