PMID- 17895603
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080214
LR  - 20190823
IS  - 0385-5600 (Print)
IS  - 0385-5600 (Linking)
VI  - 51
IP  - 9
DP  - 2007
TI  - Immunological actions of Sophy beta-glucan (beta-1,3-1,6 glucan), currently 
      available commercially as a health food supplement.
PG  - 861-73
AB  - We examined the immunological actions of Sophy beta-glucan(Ikewaki N., et al. 
      United States Patent 6956120 and Japan Patent 2004-329077), a type of 
      beta-1,3-1,6 glucan produced by the black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans (A. 
      pullulans) strain AFO-202, currently available commercially as a health food 
      supplement, using different human in vitro experimental systems. Sophy 
      beta-glucan significantly (P<0.01) stimulated the (3)H-thymidine incorporation 
      rates (marker of DNA synthesis) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells 
      (PBMCs) obtained from normal adult donors, in vitro. Enzyme-linked immunoassays 
      (EIAs) revealed that Sophy beta-glucan stimulated the production of interleukin-8 
      (IL-8) or soluble Fas (sFas), but not that of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12 
      (p70+40), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) 
      or soluble Fas ligand (sFasL), in either cultured PBMCs or cells of the human 
      monocyte-like cell line, U937. The induction by Sophy beta-glucan of DNA 
      synthesis in PBMCs was completely blocked by the addition of monoclonal 
      antibodies (mAbs) to CD11a, CD54, human leukocyte antigen-class II (HLA-class 
      II), Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2), and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4). In these 
      blocking experiments using the mAbs, the main differences in the results between 
      PBMCs and U937 cells were that the mAbs against TLR-2 and TLR-4 did not block the 
      Sophy beta-glucan-induced production of IL-8 in the U937 cells. Furthermore, a 
      mAb to the beta-glucan receptor, Dectin-1, significantly (P<0.05) blocked the 
      Sophy beta-glucan induced DNA synthesis in the PBMCs, and Sophy 
      beta-glucan-induced production of IL-8 in the U937 cells. The Sophy 
      beta-glucan-induced production of IL-8 in the U937 cells was significantly 
      (P<0.01) blocked by the conventional protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Go6976, the 
      novel PKC inhibitor Rottlerin, the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89, and the 
      protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor herbimycin A. Among these, the blocking 
      effect of the novel PKC (PKC delta isoenzyme) inhibitor Rottlerin was the most 
      pronounced. Studies employing reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 
      (RT-PCR) showed that Sophy beta-glucan stimulated the expression of IL-8 mRNA in 
      the U937 cells, and that this induction was inhibited by Rottlerin. Sophy 
      beta-glucan also blocked the stimulator cell induction of DNA synthesis and 
      IFN-gamma production in the responder cells in a one-way mixed lymphocyte 
      reaction (MLR) using allogenic PBMCs. Interestingly, immunoglobulin G (IgG), but 
      not IgM to Sophy beta-glucan was detected in the sera derived from normal adult 
      donors and from the umbilical cord blood of neonates. Taken together, these 
      findings strongly suggest that the Sophy beta-glucan may have unique immune 
      regulatory or enhancing properties that could be exploited by the health food, 
      medical and pharmaceutical industries.
FAU - Ikewaki, Nobunao
AU  - Ikewaki N
AD  - Kyushu University of Health and Welfare School of Health Science, and Institute 
      of Immunology, Takahashi Educational Institute, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, Japan. 
      immuneni@phonix.ac.jp
FAU - Fujii, Noboru
AU  - Fujii N
FAU - Onaka, Takashi
AU  - Onaka T
FAU - Ikewaki, Shinichiro
AU  - Ikewaki S
FAU - Inoko, Hidetoshi
AU  - Inoko H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Australia
TA  - Microbiol Immunol
JT  - Microbiology and immunology
JID - 7703966
RN  - 0 (Antibodies)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Protein Kinase Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (beta-Glucans)
RN  - 0 (fas Receptor)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antibodies/blood
MH  - Cell Proliferation
MH  - Cytokines/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Food, Organic
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
MH  - Monocytes/*immunology
MH  - Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
MH  - U937 Cells
MH  - beta-Glucans/antagonists & inhibitors/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - fas Receptor/metabolism
EDAT- 2007/09/27 09:00
MHDA- 2008/02/15 09:00
CRDT- 2007/09/27 09:00
PHST- 2007/09/27 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/02/15 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/09/27 09:00 [entrez]
AID - JST.JSTAGE/mandi/51.861 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03982.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Microbiol Immunol. 2007;51(9):861-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03982.x.