PMID- 17928803
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090416
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1476-5640 (Electronic)
IS  - 0954-3007 (Linking)
VI  - 63
IP  - 2
DP  - 2009 Feb
TI  - The effect of galactose supplementation on endurance cycling performance.
PG  - 209-14
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This study tested the hypothesis that supplementation with galactose 
      before and during endurance exercise would spare carbohydrate (CHO), optimize fat 
      utilization and improve performance compared with a typical sports drink 
      formulation. SUBJECTS: Nine well-trained cyclists undertook three trials, each 
      consisting of 120 min at 65 VO(2max) followed immediately by a set work, 
      self-paced time trial (TT). Three treatments, allocated as a randomized balanced 
      design, consisted of the following: (a) 8% (w/w) solution of galactose (Gal); (b) 
      8% solution of 50% galactose/50% glucose (Gluc/Gal); and (c) 8% solution of 80% 
      glucose/20% fructose (Gluc/Fru). These were consumed as 0.67 g CHO per kg body wt 
      45-min pre-exercise; 1.0 g CHO per kg body wt per h for the first 120 min of 
      exercise; 0.33 g CHO per kg body wt during the TT. Blood samples were collected 
      before and during exercise; respiratory gas samples were collected only during 
      fixed workload exercise. RESULTS: Mean TT power output was significantly less in 
      Gal compared with Gluc/Gal (P=0.030). Blood glucose and insulin concentrations 
      were lower, and free fatty acids higher in Gal compared with Gluc/Gal and 
      Gluc/Fru. Respiratory exchange ratio was not significantly different between 
      trials. CONCLUSIONS: Ingestion of an 8% galactose-only solution (12.5 ml per kg 
      body wt per h) is detrimental to endurance performance compared with equivalent 
      volumes of iso-osmotic solutions containing 50% galactose/50% glucose or 80% 
      glucose/20% fructose. This may reflect the inability of the liver to convert 
      galactose into glucose at a rate required to support strenuous exercise 
      intensity.
FAU - Stannard, S R
AU  - Stannard SR
AD  - Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston 
      North, New Zealand. S.Stannard@massey.ac.nz
FAU - Hawke, E J
AU  - Hawke EJ
FAU - Schnell, N
AU  - Schnell N
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20071010
PL  - England
TA  - Eur J Clin Nutr
JT  - European journal of clinical nutrition
JID - 8804070
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids, Nonesterified)
RN  - 0 (Hexoses)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 30237-26-4 (Fructose)
RN  - 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid)
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
RN  - X2RN3Q8DNE (Galactose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Athletic Performance/*physiology
MH  - *Beverages
MH  - Bicycling/*physiology
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*pharmacology
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Exercise Test
MH  - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood
MH  - Fructose/pharmacology
MH  - Galactose/*pharmacology
MH  - Glucose/pharmacology
MH  - Hexoses/*pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin/blood
MH  - Lactic Acid/blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Oxygen Consumption
MH  - Physical Endurance/physiology
EDAT- 2007/10/12 09:00
MHDA- 2009/04/17 09:00
CRDT- 2007/10/12 09:00
PHST- 2007/10/12 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/04/17 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/10/12 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 1602924 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602924 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb;63(2):209-14. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602924. Epub 2007 
      Oct 10.