PMID- 17936864
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080718
LR  - 20240109
IS  - 0031-9422 (Print)
IS  - 0031-9422 (Linking)
VI  - 69
IP  - 3
DP  - 2008 Feb
TI  - Detoxification of 2,4-dichlorophenol by the marine microalga Tetraselmis marina.
PG  - 707-14
AB  - Xenobiotic chlorinated phenols have been found in fresh and marine waters and are 
      toxic to many aquatic organisms. Metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in 
      the marine microalga Tetraselmis marina was studied. The microalga removed more 
      than 1mM of 2,4-DCP in a 2l photobioreactor over a 6 day period. Two metabolites, 
      more polar than 2,4-DCP, were detected in the growth medium by reverse phase HPLC 
      and their concentrations increased at the expense of 2,4-DCP. The metabolites 
      were isolated by a C8 HPLC column and identified as 
      2,4-dichlorophenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (DCPG) and 
      2,4-dichlorophenyl-beta-d-(6-O-malonyl)-glucopyranoside (DCPGM) by electrospray 
      ionization-mass spectrometric analysis in a negative ion mode. The molecular 
      structures of 2,4-DCPG and 2,4-CPGM were further confirmed by enzymatic and 
      alkaline hydrolyses. Thus, it was concluded that the major pathway of 2,4-DCP 
      metabolism in T. marina involves an initial conjugation of 2,4-DCP to glucose to 
      form 2,4-dichlorophenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside, followed by acylation of the 
      glucoconjugate to form 2,4-dichlorophenyl-beta-d-(6-O-malonyl)-glucopyranoside. 
      The microalga ability to detoxify dichlorophenol congeners other than 2,4-DCP was 
      also investigated. This work provides the first evidence that microalgae can use 
      a combined glucosyl and malonyl transfer to detoxify xenobiotics such as 
      dichlorophenols.
FAU - Petroutsos, Dimitris
AU  - Petroutsos D
AD  - Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical 
      University of Athens, 9, Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, Athens 15780, 
      Greece.
FAU - Katapodis, Petros
AU  - Katapodis P
FAU - Samiotaki, Martina
AU  - Samiotaki M
FAU - Panayotou, George
AU  - Panayotou G
FAU - Kekos, Dimitris
AU  - Kekos D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20071022
PL  - England
TA  - Phytochemistry
JT  - Phytochemistry
JID - 0151434
RN  - 0 (Chlorophenols)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 0 (Xenobiotics)
RN  - R669TG1950 (2,4-dichlorophenol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bioreactors
MH  - Chlorophenols/chemistry/*metabolism/toxicity
MH  - Chlorophyta/drug effects/growth & development/*metabolism
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
MH  - Molecular Structure
MH  - Stereoisomerism
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Toxicity Tests
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*metabolism/toxicity
MH  - Xenobiotics/metabolism
EDAT- 2007/10/16 09:00
MHDA- 2008/07/19 09:00
CRDT- 2007/10/16 09:00
PHST- 2007/04/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2007/08/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2007/09/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2007/10/16 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/07/19 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/10/16 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0031-9422(07)00542-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Phytochemistry. 2008 Feb;69(3):707-14. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.002. Epub 
      2007 Oct 22.