PMID- 17950329
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080702
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 0022-4804 (Print)
IS  - 1095-8673 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-4804 (Linking)
VI  - 147
IP  - 2
DP  - 2008 Jun 15
TI  - Steatocholecystitis: the influence of obesity and dietary carbohydrates.
PG  - 290-7
AB  - INTRODUCTION: We have recently demonstrated that obese and lean mice fed a high 
      fat diet have increased gallbladder wall fat and decreased gallbladder 
      contractility, cholecystosteatosis. Animal and human data also suggest that diets 
      high in refined carbohydrates lead to gallstone formation. However, no data are 
      available on the role of dietary carbohydrates on gallbladder wall fat and 
      inflammation. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that both obesity and dietary 
      carbohydrates would increase gallbladder fat and cytokines, steatocholecystitis. 
      METHODS: At 8 wk of age, 47 lean and 22 obese female mice were fed a 45% 
      carbohydrate (CHO) diet while an equal number of lean and obese mice were fed a 
      75% CHO diet for 4 wk. All mice underwent cholecystectomy, and the gallbladders 
      were snap-frozen. Individual and total lipids were measured by gas 
      chromatography. Interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and 
      IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed by 
      analysis of variance and Tukey test. RESULTS: Gallbladder total fat, 
      triglycerides, and cholesterol were maximum (P < 0.001) in obese mice on the 75% 
      CHO diet. Gallbladder TNF-alpha and IL-1beta as well as serum cholesterol levels 
      showed a similar pattern (P < 0.001). Gallbladder saturated free fatty acids and 
      IL-6 levels were highest (P < 0.001) in obese mice on the 45% CHO diet. 
      CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that (1) both obesity and dietary carbohydrates 
      increase gallbladder total fat, triglycerides, cholesterol, TNF-alpha, and 
      IL-1beta and (2) obesity also increases gallbladder free fatty acids and IL-6. 
      Therefore, we conclude that obesity is associated with steatocholecystitis and 
      that a high carbohydrate diet exacerbates this phenomenon.
FAU - Mathur, Abhishek
AU  - Mathur A
AD  - Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 
      Indiana, USA.
FAU - Al-Azzawi, Hayder H
AU  - Al-Azzawi HH
FAU - Lu, Debao
AU  - Lu D
FAU - Yancey, Kyle W
AU  - Yancey KW
FAU - Swartz-Basile, Deborah A
AU  - Swartz-Basile DA
FAU - Nakeeb, Attila
AU  - Nakeeb A
FAU - Pitt, Henry A
AU  - Pitt HA
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DK044279/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DK044279-10/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DK044279-13/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R-01 DK44279/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DK044279-11/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DK044279-09/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DK044279-14/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DK044279-12/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20071022
PL  - United States
TA  - J Surg Res
JT  - The Journal of surgical research
JID - 0376340
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Body Weight/physiology
MH  - Cholecystitis/*etiology/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Cytokines/metabolism
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*adverse effects
MH  - Female
MH  - Gallbladder/*pathology
MH  - Lipid Metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Obesity/*complications
PMC - PMC2431458
MID - NIHMS52712
EDAT- 2007/10/24 09:00
MHDA- 2008/07/03 09:00
PMCR- 2009/06/15
CRDT- 2007/10/24 09:00
PHST- 2007/02/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2007/04/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2007/04/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2007/10/24 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/07/03 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/10/24 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/06/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0022-4804(07)00333-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jss.2007.04.042 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Surg Res. 2008 Jun 15;147(2):290-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.04.042. Epub 2007 
      Oct 22.