PMID- 17970515
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080128
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0959-3330 (Print)
IS  - 0959-3330 (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 10
DP  - 2007 Oct
TI  - The influence of water quality on the toxicity and degradation of juglone 
      (5-hydroxy 1,4-naphthoquinone).
PG  - 1091-101
AB  - This study was part of a broader investigation of low molecular weight quinones 
      under consideration as biocides for the control of aquatic nuisance species 
      (ANS). Preliminary investigations identified the 2-ring naphthoquinones as broad 
      spectrum biocides controlling a wide range of aquatic organisms. All biocides 
      were relatively short-lived in saline waters, with half-lives between 5 and 30h. 
      Juglone (5-hydroxy 1,4-naphthoquinone) and plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4- 
      naphthoquinone) showed the greatest toxicity against most aquatic organisms. 
      These qualities formed the basis for a patent focusing on these two compounds as 
      biocides for ANS control, with juglone identified as the more cost-effective of 
      the two. Although juglone has been extensively studied as a plant toxin and 
      reducing agent, remarkably little information exists on its use as an aquatic 
      biocide. We describe the toxicity of juglone over the range of water quality 
      parameters likely to be encountered in ballast water, a major vector for ANS. 
      Tests indicated that its molecular stability was enhanced in freshwater and 
      particularly under neutral to acid conditions. This was supported by results of 
      bioassays on the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna that indicated enhanced 
      juglone toxicity at pHs of < or =6.7. A low octanol:water partition coefficient 
      for juglone indicated little capacity for these compounds to be adsorbed by 
      suspended particulates and for bioaccumulation. These properties together with 
      their relatively rapid degradation (t1/2 < or =30h), particularly in the marine 
      environment, indicated a low the risk of residual toxicity associated with the 
      release of juglone-treated water.
FAU - Wright, D A
AU  - Wright DA
AD  - University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological 
      Laboratory, Solomons, MD 20688, USA.
FAU - Mitchelmore, C L
AU  - Mitchelmore CL
FAU - Dawson, R
AU  - Dawson R
FAU - Cutler, H G
AU  - Cutler HG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Technol
JT  - Environmental technology
JID - 9884939
RN  - 0 (Naphthoquinones)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - W6Q80SK9L6 (juglone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Daphnia
MH  - Half-Life
MH  - Naphthoquinones/metabolism/*toxicity
MH  - Water/*standards
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism/*toxicity
EDAT- 2007/11/01 09:00
MHDA- 2008/01/29 09:00
CRDT- 2007/11/01 09:00
PHST- 2007/11/01 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/01/29 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/11/01 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/09593332808618873 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Technol. 2007 Oct;28(10):1091-101. doi: 10.1080/09593332808618873.