PMID- 17998028
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080108
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 0026-0495 (Print)
IS  - 1532-8600 (Electronic)
IS  - 0026-0495 (Linking)
VI  - 56
IP  - 12
DP  - 2007 Dec
TI  - Impact of reduced meal frequency without caloric restriction on glucose 
      regulation in healthy, normal-weight middle-aged men and women.
PG  - 1729-34
AB  - An unresolved issue in the field of diet and health is if and how changes in meal 
      frequency affect energy metabolism in humans. We therefore evaluated the 
      influence of reduced meal frequency without a reduction in energy intake on 
      glucose metabolism in normal-weight, healthy male and female subjects. The study 
      was a randomized crossover design, with two 8-week treatment periods (with an 
      intervening 11-week off-diet period) in which subjects consumed all of their 
      calories for weight maintenance distributed in either 3 meals or 1 meal per day 
      (consumed between 4:00 pm and 8:00 pm). Energy metabolism was evaluated at 
      designated time points throughout the study by performing morning oral glucose 
      tolerance tests and measuring levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon, leptin, 
      ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). 
      Subjects consuming 1 meal per day exhibited higher morning fasting plasma glucose 
      levels, greater and more sustained elevations of plasma glucose concentrations, 
      and a delayed insulin response in the oral glucose tolerance test compared with 
      subjects consuming 3 meals per day. Levels of ghrelin were elevated in response 
      to the 1-meal-per-day regimen. Fasting levels of insulin, leptin, ghrelin, 
      adiponectin, resistin, and BDNF were not significantly affected by meal 
      frequency. Subjects consuming a single large daily meal exhibit elevated fasting 
      glucose levels and impaired morning glucose tolerance associated with a delayed 
      insulin response during a 2-month diet period compared with those consuming 3 
      meals per day. The impaired glucose tolerance was reversible and was not 
      associated with alterations in the levels of adipokines or BDNF.
FAU - Carlson, Olga
AU  - Carlson O
AD  - Diabetes Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on 
      Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.
FAU - Martin, Bronwen
AU  - Martin B
FAU - Stote, Kim S
AU  - Stote KS
FAU - Golden, Erin
AU  - Golden E
FAU - Maudsley, Stuart
AU  - Maudsley S
FAU - Najjar, Samer S
AU  - Najjar SS
FAU - Ferrucci, Luigi
AU  - Ferrucci L
FAU - Ingram, Donald K
AU  - Ingram DK
FAU - Longo, Dan L
AU  - Longo DL
FAU - Rumpler, William V
AU  - Rumpler WV
FAU - Baer, David J
AU  - Baer DJ
FAU - Egan, Josephine
AU  - Egan J
FAU - Mattson, Mark P
AU  - Mattson MP
LA  - eng
GR  - Z01 AG000315-07/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHS/United States
GR  - Z99 AG999999/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
PL  - United States
TA  - Metabolism
JT  - Metabolism: clinical and experimental
JID - 0375267
RN  - 0 (ADIPOQ protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Adiponectin)
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Ghrelin)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Leptin)
RN  - 0 (Resistin)
RN  - 9007-92-5 (Glucagon)
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adiponectin/blood/metabolism
MH  - Adult
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Energy Metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Feeding Behavior/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Ghrelin/blood/metabolism
MH  - Glucagon/blood/metabolism
MH  - Glucose/*metabolism
MH  - Glucose Tolerance Test
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin/blood/metabolism
MH  - Leptin/blood/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Resistin/blood/metabolism
PMC - PMC2121099
MID - NIHMS34910
EDAT- 2007/11/14 09:00
MHDA- 2008/01/09 09:00
PMCR- 2008/12/01
CRDT- 2007/11/14 09:00
PHST- 2007/05/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2007/07/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2007/11/14 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/01/09 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/11/14 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2008/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0026-0495(07)00280-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.07.018 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Metabolism. 2007 Dec;56(12):1729-34. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.07.018.